【摘要】：在我國城市化進程中,生活垃圾問題日漸凸顯。目前,生活垃圾處理的三種主要方法均有各自優(yōu)缺點。在實際中,應因地制宜,科學地選擇合適的方法處理和處置垃圾。垃圾經(jīng)過焚燒法處理后,需填埋的垃圾體積和重量大大減少,資源化的技術,在我國逐步得到推廣。本文針對垃圾資源化利用技術和臨朐縣生活垃圾焚燒發(fā)電項目進行研究,著重于技術研究與效益測算,在此基礎上進一步論證,本項目的實施對當?shù)貛碓鯓拥暮锰?本項目采用的技術方案是否合理可行,是否有更好的選擇,投資收益的影響因素有哪些,對其他同類型的項目是否有借鑒意義,技術推廣應用的適用條件應注意什么,以此作為本項目及其他類似項目的投資決策依據(jù)。主要是在落實垃圾資源化利用現(xiàn)狀、垃圾處理技術特點、垃圾成分特性、垃圾產(chǎn)量等外部條件的前提下,對本項目爐型、焚燒線、余熱鍋爐及蒸汽參數(shù)、汽輪發(fā)電機組等技術參數(shù)進行研究,提出煙氣凈化、灰渣處理、滲濾液處理等污染物控制方案,然后對本項目進行技術經(jīng)濟性評價。根據(jù)目前臨朐縣的垃圾產(chǎn)生量和成分性質研究,臨朐縣項目設計規(guī)模為600 t/d,適合以焚燒方式進行垃圾處理,余熱利用于發(fā)電。推薦爐型為機械往復爐排焚燒爐,余熱鍋爐蒸汽參數(shù)為中溫中壓,汽輪發(fā)電機組裝機容量為12MW,采用“兩爐一機”配置,即2×300 t/d焚燒爐+1×12 MW凝汽式汽輪發(fā)電機組。在半干法煙氣凈化處理工藝的基礎上配置了脫硝裝置。利用附近已建成的填埋場和滲濾液處理站,對爐渣、飛灰和滲濾液進行處理。技術經(jīng)濟性評價結果較好,本項目可行。本文僅預測了臨朐縣未來十幾年內(nèi)的垃圾總量,需要進一步擴大調研的時間范圍,保證項目30年不落后。在項目建設時,需要通過優(yōu)化設計和改進技術,進一步降低風險,增加項目的可行性。在運行過程中,應結合實際數(shù)據(jù)調整有關參數(shù),加強管理和技術改造,不斷提高生產(chǎn)效率和能源利用率。
[Abstract]:In the process of urbanization in China, the problem of domestic garbage is becoming more and more prominent. At present, the three main methods of MSW disposal have their own advantages and disadvantages. In practice, appropriate methods should be selected to deal with and dispose of garbage according to local conditions. After incineration, the volume and weight of landfills are greatly reduced, and the technology of recycling is popularized in China. In this paper, the technology of garbage utilization and the power generation project of domestic refuse incineration in Linqu County are studied, with emphasis on technical research and benefit calculation. On the basis of this, it is further demonstrated how the implementation of this project will bring benefits to the local areas. Whether the technical scheme adopted in this project is reasonable and feasible, whether there is a better choice, what are the influencing factors of investment income, whether it has reference significance to other projects of the same type, and what should be paid attention to in the applicable conditions of technology popularization and application, Take this as the investment decision basis of this project and other similar projects. On the premise of carrying out the external conditions, such as the present situation of garbage utilization, the technical characteristics of garbage treatment, the characteristics of waste composition, the output of garbage, etc., the furnace type, incineration line, waste heat boiler and steam parameters of the project are studied. The technical parameters of turbine-generator set are studied, and the control schemes of pollutants such as flue gas purification, ash and slag treatment and leachate treatment are put forward, and then the technical and economic evaluation of the project is carried out. According to the research on the quantity and composition of waste production in Linqu county at present, the design scale of Linqu county is 600 t / d, which is suitable for waste disposal by incineration and utilization of waste heat for power generation. The recommended furnace type is mechanical reciprocating grate incinerator, the steam parameter of waste heat boiler is medium temperature medium pressure, the installed capacity of turbogenerator is 12MW, and the configuration of 2 脳 300t / d incinerator 1 脳 12 MW condensed steam turbine generator is adopted. A denitrification unit was installed on the basis of the semi-dry flue gas purification process. The slag, fly ash and leachate were treated by using the nearby landfill and leachate treatment station. The result of technical economy evaluation is good and the project is feasible. This paper only predicts the total amount of garbage in Linqu County in the next ten years, and needs to further expand the time range of investigation to ensure that the project will not lag behind for 30 years. In the construction of the project, it is necessary to further reduce the risk and increase the feasibility of the project by optimizing the design and improving the technology. In the course of operation, the relevant parameters should be adjusted according to the actual data, the management and technical transformation should be strengthened, and the production efficiency and energy utilization ratio should be improved continuously.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X799.3;TM619

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