【摘要】：近年來，隨著智慧城市的建設、環(huán)境問題的監(jiān)測以及物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的構建，基于MEMS傳感器、無線通訊和嵌入式控制系統(tǒng)的無線傳感網(wǎng)絡技術得以迅猛發(fā)展。然而，讓無線傳感網(wǎng)絡節(jié)點能夠長期處于免維護運行狀態(tài)成為進一步推進其應用的瓶頸。壓電能量采集技術可將周圍環(huán)境中的振動能量轉換為可利用的電能，能有效地實現(xiàn)無線傳感網(wǎng)絡節(jié)點的自我供電，具有重大的研究價值和良好的發(fā)展前景。 本文以壓電能量采集技術為中心，著重從能量采集結構和能量處理電路這兩個方面展開研究，設計并優(yōu)化壓電結構，搭建能量采集轉換和存儲電路，從而為無線傳感網(wǎng)絡節(jié)點供電。主要研究內(nèi)容如下： 1、介紹了壓電技術的基本原理和壓電材料的基本特性，并在此基礎上討論了壓電振子的發(fā)電機理。以壓電陶瓷作為壓電元件材料，根據(jù)外部工作環(huán)境的不同，選擇不同的壓電振動模式和支撐方式，來采集周圍環(huán)境的振動能量。 2、懸臂梁式壓電振子是壓電轉換裝置中的典型結構，在相關理論分析的基礎上，借助ANSYS軟件，仿真研究了壓電振子結構尺寸和材料參數(shù)變化對其發(fā)電性能的影響，為壓電振子的實際制備提供理論依據(jù)。比較了在矩形、梯形和三角形三種不同截面的壓電層和支撐層的情況下，壓電振子內(nèi)部阻抗、發(fā)電電壓以及輸出功率的不同。 3、研究了圓盤式壓電振子的機電特性，利用壓電理論建立振動方程，并建立了有限元分析模型。通過ANSYS仿真分析，得出了半徑和厚度等關鍵結構參數(shù)對圓盤式壓電振子固有頻率和輸出電壓的影響關系。探討了橢圓形壓電振子的機電性能，并與圓形壓電振子做了比較研究。 4、基于經(jīng)典能量采集電路的理論分析，并采用PSPICE軟件進行了仿真分析，著重討論了負載變化對輸出電壓和輸出功率的影響。闡述了幾種改進型能量采集電路的工作原理和輸出特性。在儲能元件的選擇上，對電容和可充電電池做了分析比較。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the construction of intelligent city, monitoring of environmental problems and the construction of Internet of things, wireless sensor network technology based on MEMS sensor, wireless communication and embedded control system has developed rapidly. However, enabling wireless sensor network nodes to be maintenance-free for a long time has become a bottleneck to further promote their applications. The piezoelectric energy acquisition technology can convert the vibration energy in the surrounding environment into the available electric energy, and can effectively realize the self-power supply of wireless sensor network nodes, which has great research value and good development prospect. This paper focuses on the piezoelectric energy acquisition technology, focusing on the energy acquisition structure and energy processing circuit, designs and optimizes the piezoelectric structure, builds the energy acquisition conversion and storage circuit. Thus the wireless sensor network node power supply. The main research contents are as follows: 1. The basic principle of piezoelectric technology and the basic characteristics of piezoelectric material are introduced, and the generator mechanism of piezoelectric oscillator is discussed. The piezoelectric ceramic is used as the piezoelectric element material. According to the different external working environment, different piezoelectric vibration modes and supporting modes are selected to collect the vibration energy of the surrounding environment. 2. The cantilever beam piezoelectric vibrator is a typical structure in the piezoelectric conversion device. Based on the theoretical analysis, the influence of the structure size and material parameters on the generation performance of the piezoelectric vibrator is simulated with the help of ANSYS software. It provides a theoretical basis for the practical fabrication of piezoelectric oscillators. In the case of rectangular trapezoid and triangular piezoelectric layers with different cross-sections the internal impedance generation voltage and output power of piezoelectric oscillators are compared. 3. The mechanical and electrical characteristics of the disk piezoelectric oscillator are studied. The vibration equation is established by using the piezoelectric theory and the finite element analysis model is established. By ANSYS simulation analysis, the influence of the key structural parameters, such as radius and thickness, on the natural frequency and output voltage of the disk piezoelectric oscillator is obtained. The electromechanical properties of elliptical piezoelectric oscillators are discussed and compared with those of circular piezoelectric oscillators. 4. Based on the theoretical analysis of the classical energy acquisition circuit and the simulation analysis with PSPICE software, the influence of the load variation on the output voltage and output power is discussed. The working principle and output characteristics of several improved energy acquisition circuits are described. The capacitors and rechargeable batteries are analyzed and compared in the selection of energy storage components.
【學位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM619

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