【摘要】：本文依托國家自然科學(xué)基金項目“電動汽車用多相電機驅(qū)動控制系統(tǒng)故障診斷及容錯控制研究(編號:61603263)”和遼寧省教育廳科學(xué)研究一般項目“電動汽車用六相永磁電機驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)故障診斷方法研究(LGD2016030)”,研究了電動汽車用永磁同步電機控制系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。主要研究了永磁同步電機的矢量控制,恒轉(zhuǎn)矩區(qū)最大轉(zhuǎn)矩/電流比控制,恒功率區(qū)弱磁控制,實現(xiàn)了電機寬范圍高速穩(wěn)定運行。在工程實踐的基礎(chǔ)上,對電動汽車電機驅(qū)動控制器的保護策略和整車邏輯相關(guān)功能等問題深入分析研究。主要工作體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面:本文以內(nèi)置式永磁同步電機作為驅(qū)動電機。采用空間矢量脈寬調(diào)制(SVPWM)技術(shù),在電動汽車電池電壓限制的前提下,實現(xiàn)電池利用率的最大化;采用最大轉(zhuǎn)矩/電流比(MTPA)控制交軸和直軸電流的最優(yōu)組合,使定子電流最小,達到系統(tǒng)效率的最優(yōu)化。為滿足電動汽車對電機驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)寬調(diào)速范圍的要求,設(shè)計了弱磁控制算法,提高了電機運行速度范圍。為了驗證所設(shè)計的控制策略的有效性,運用Matlab/Simulink仿真軟件搭建了基于轉(zhuǎn)子磁場定向的永磁同步電機矢量控制系統(tǒng),對控制系統(tǒng)進行仿真研究并對結(jié)果進行分析。為解決高速時轉(zhuǎn)子初始位置的精度不足的問題,采用對稱法來檢測轉(zhuǎn)子初始位置,通過四次測得的轉(zhuǎn)子絕對位置,對結(jié)果取平均值,從而提高了初始位置檢測的精度。采用模塊化的設(shè)計思路,對電機驅(qū)動控制器的保護策略和整車邏輯相關(guān)功能進行深入研究。從溫度故障檢測和硬件故障檢測兩個方面,對電機溫度,三相橋臂溫度,板間溫度以及控制器溫度,母線電壓欠壓過壓保護,三相電流保護,逆變回路上電自檢測等方面進行故障檢測和動作分析,從而保證控制系統(tǒng)安全可靠運行。在整車控制上,對防滑坡、誤掛檔、定速巡航和能量回饋等功能進行設(shè)計研究,提高了驅(qū)動控制系統(tǒng)的性能。為了驗證本課題所提出的控制策略的可行性,開發(fā)出了一套基于英飛凌公司的32位高性能汽車級微處理芯片TriCore1782的峰值功率為50kW、峰值轉(zhuǎn)速為7000r min、峰值轉(zhuǎn)矩為160N.m的電動汽車用永磁同步電機驅(qū)動控制系統(tǒng)。通過Tasking編程環(huán)境,采用模塊化的設(shè)計思路對軟件進行了詳細研究,設(shè)計了主要子模塊的控制流程圖以及接口函數(shù)。最后,基于實驗平臺完成了恒速加載實驗、初始定位驗證實驗和整車路面實驗,驗證了本文控制系統(tǒng)所設(shè)計方案的有效性。
[Abstract]:Based on the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China "Research on Fault diagnosis and Fault-tolerant Control of Multiphase Motor Drive Control system for Electric vehicle (No. 61603263)" and "Research on Fault diagnosis method of six-phase permanent Magnet Motor driving system for Electric vehicle (LGD2016030)", the key technology of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control system for electric vehicle is studied in this paper. The vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the maximum torque / current ratio control in constant torque region and the weak magnetic control in constant power region are studied in this paper, and the wide range and high speed stable operation of PMSM is realized. On the basis of engineering practice, the protection strategy of motor drive controller of electric vehicle and the related functions of whole vehicle logic are analyzed and studied in detail. The main work is reflected in the following aspects: in this paper, the built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is used as the driving motor. The space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technology is used to maximize the battery utilization under the premise of battery voltage limitation, and the maximum torque / current ratio (MTPA) is used to control the optimal combination of AC axis and straight axis current to minimize the stator current and achieve the optimization of system efficiency. In order to meet the requirements of electric vehicle for wide speed range of motor drive system, a weak magnetic field control algorithm is designed to improve the running speed range of the motor. In order to verify the effectiveness of the designed control strategy, a vector control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on rotor magnetic field orientation is built by using Matlab/Simulink simulation software. The control system is simulated and the results are analyzed. In order to solve the problem of insufficient accuracy of the initial position of the rotor at high speed, the symmetry method is used to detect the initial position of the rotor. Through the absolute position of the rotor measured four times, the average value of the results is obtained, thus the accuracy of the initial position detection is improved. Based on the modular design idea, the protection strategy of motor drive controller and the logic related functions of the whole vehicle are deeply studied. From two aspects of temperature fault detection and hardware fault detection, the fault detection and action analysis are carried out from the aspects of motor temperature, three-phase bridge arm temperature, inter-plate temperature, controller temperature, bus voltage undervoltage overvoltage protection, three-phase current protection, inverter circuit self-detection and so on, so as to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the control system. In the whole vehicle control, the functions of landslide prevention, misregistration, constant speed cruise and energy feedback are designed and studied, which improves the performance of the drive control system. In order to verify the feasibility of the control strategy proposed in this paper, a set of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive control system for electric vehicles based on Infineon 32-bit high performance automobile class microprocessing chip TriCore1782 with peak power of 50kW and peak speed of 7000r min, peak torque of 160N.m is developed. Through Tasking programming environment, the software is studied in detail by using modular design idea, and the control flow chart and interface function of the main sub-modules are designed. Finally, the constant speed loading experiment, the initial positioning verification experiment and the vehicle pavement experiment are completed based on the experimental platform, and the effectiveness of the control system designed in this paper is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM341;U469.72

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