【摘要】：壓電俘能器是一種利用壓電材料的機電耦合效應,將環(huán)境中的機械能轉化為電能的智能結構�；诠舱穹芊绞降姆芷魍ǔ２捎脩冶哿菏浇Y構,由粘結劑將壓電層與彈性層粘結在一起,懸臂梁端部將產(chǎn)生的較大應變,且在高階振動的情況,懸臂梁將出現(xiàn)變形拐點,有的部分出現(xiàn)拉伸變形,而有的部分出現(xiàn)壓縮變形,若將壓電片滿布懸臂梁上,則兩部分產(chǎn)生的電荷互相抵消,俘能效率反而降低,所以一般只將壓電片鋪設在變形較大的根部,而非布滿形式。此外,由于壓電層材料與彈性層材料的幾何參數(shù)與材料參數(shù)的不一致,當俘能器受環(huán)境激勵時,粘結劑在傳遞彈性層變形的過程中易出現(xiàn)應力的不均勻分布,且在壓電層自由端處易出現(xiàn)較大的應力集中,從而影響壓電俘能器的俘能輸出。因此有必要探明粘結層對俘能輸出的影響規(guī)律。本文以上述非滿布壓電層的懸臂梁俘能器為研究對象,采用雙參數(shù)模型模擬粘結層,并基于分布參數(shù)模型建立懸臂梁式壓電俘能器的控制方程,當激勵頻率給定后,控制方程轉化為以波數(shù)為特征值的特征方程,求解該方程得到12個特征模態(tài),將這些模態(tài)線性疊加即可給出該問題的解,其組合系數(shù)由邊界和連接條件確定。此外,通過三維有限元分析,并結合前人實驗結果,互相對比驗證,在理論正確性得到驗證后,本文還研究了俘能器彈性層、粘結層和壓電層的材料參數(shù)和幾何參數(shù)對符能輸出的影響。具體講,本文共分為五章:第一章給出本文的研究背景和意義;第二章對文獻中粘結層簡化的理論模型和俘能器分析模型進行了回顧和討論;第三章基于雙參數(shù)模型理論,考慮粘結層的影響建立壓電俘能器的控制方程,給出俘能輸出解析解,并用理論分析所得的俘能輸出與ANSYS有限元模擬進行對比驗證,以及與傳統(tǒng)分析結果進行比較;第四章針對俘能器中粘結層的厚度、彈性模量,壓電層的鋪設長度、厚度及彈性模量,彈性層的厚度及彈性模量等參數(shù)對俘能輸出的影響進行詳細分析討論,觀察不同參數(shù)情況下的粘結層界面應力狀態(tài)和電壓輸出,總結出其變化規(guī)律。第五章針對前文進行回顧與總結,并對未來可行的研究進行了展望。通過本文的理論探討,為壓電俘能器的設計與分析提供了更精確的理論支持。
[Abstract]:Piezoelectric catcher is an intelligent structure which converts the mechanical energy in the environment into electric energy by using the electromechanical coupling effect of piezoelectric materials. The energy capture device based on resonance energy capture mode usually adopts cantilever structure. If the piezoelectric layer is bonded with the elastic layer by the binder, the large strain will be produced at the end of the cantilever beam, and in the case of high-order vibration, the cantilever beam will appear deformation inflection point, some parts will appear tensile deformation, and some parts will appear compression deformation. If the piezoelectric film is fully covered on the cantilever beam, the charges generated by the two parts will cancel out each other. On the contrary, the energy capture efficiency is reduced, so the piezoelectric film is usually laid at the root of large deformation, rather than full of form. In addition, due to the inconsistency between the geometric parameters and the material parameters of the piezoelectric layer material and the elastic layer material, when the catcher is excited by the environment, the adhesive is prone to the uneven distribution of stress in the process of transferring the deformation of the elastic layer, and a large stress concentration is easy to appear at the free end of the piezoelectric layer, thus affecting the capture energy output of the piezoelectric catcher. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the influence of bonding layer on the output of capture energy. In this paper, the cantilever beam catcher with non-fully distributed piezoelectric layer is taken as the research object, and the two-parameter model is used to simulate the bonding layer, and the governing equation of the cantilever piezoelectric catcher is established based on the distributed parameter model. When the excitation frequency is given, the governing equation is transformed into the characteristic equation with wavenumber as the characteristic value, and 12 characteristic modes are obtained by solving the equation. The solution of the problem can be given by linear superposition of these modes. The combination coefficient is determined by the boundary and connection conditions. In addition, through three-dimensional finite element analysis and previous experimental results, the theoretical correctness is verified, and the effects of material parameters and geometric parameters of the elastic layer, bonding layer and piezoelectric layer on the output of energy are also studied in this paper. Specifically, this paper is divided into five chapters: the first chapter gives the research background and significance of this paper, the second chapter reviews and discusses the theoretical model of bond layer simplification and the analysis model of catcher in the literature. In the third chapter, based on the two-parameter model theory, the governing equation of the piezoelectric catcher is established considering the influence of the bonding layer, and the analytical solution of the capture energy output is given. The capture energy output obtained by the theoretical analysis is compared with the ANSYS finite element simulation, and the results are compared with the traditional analysis results. In chapter 4, the effects of the thickness of bond layer, elastic modulus, laying length of piezoelectric layer, thickness and elastic modulus, thickness of elastic layer and elastic modulus on energy capture output are analyzed and discussed in detail, the interfacial stress state and voltage output of bond layer under different parameters are observed, and the variation law is summarized. The fifth chapter reviews and summarizes the above, and looks forward to the feasible research in the future. Through the theoretical discussion in this paper, it provides more accurate theoretical support for the design and analysis of piezoelectric catcher.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM619

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本文編號：2504374