【摘要】：在鍋爐運(yùn)行過(guò)程中,煤粉燃燒使對(duì)流受熱面灰污激增、熱傳遞受阻,煙氣余熱不能及時(shí)再利用,導(dǎo)致過(guò)熱煙氣排入大氣,使鍋爐輸入能損耗嚴(yán)重。為了改善熱傳遞,實(shí)現(xiàn)鍋爐高效運(yùn)行,吹灰是必不可少的措施。傳統(tǒng)的吹灰是根據(jù)鍋爐條件的反應(yīng)或某些時(shí)間表進(jìn)行的。吹灰器的操作人員很少或者沒(méi)有結(jié)垢狀態(tài)等信息,往往只會(huì)根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行判斷或根據(jù)時(shí)間表對(duì)鍋爐進(jìn)行吹掃。因此,為了緩解灰污沉積造成的換熱過(guò)程不均衡,消除熱偏差及高、低溫腐蝕等問(wèn)題,勢(shì)必要監(jiān)測(cè)鍋爐尾部金屬管道表面污染情況和發(fā)展趨勢(shì),并采取行之有效的吹灰方式。針對(duì)鍋爐尾部金屬管道不可避免的積灰、結(jié)渣等污染現(xiàn)象,以貴州黔西電廠24h數(shù)據(jù)為對(duì)象,進(jìn)行相關(guān)灰污軟測(cè)量、灰污預(yù)測(cè)及優(yōu)化軟測(cè)量監(jiān)測(cè)等相關(guān)研究,開(kāi)發(fā)了一套基于污染率預(yù)測(cè)模型的智能燃?xì)饷}沖吹灰系統(tǒng)。首先建立省煤器等的灰污監(jiān)測(cè)模型,用污染率表征各部件污染情況,將環(huán)境復(fù)雜的鍋爐尾部間接變?yōu)榭梢晥D表;然后針對(duì)各部件污染狀態(tài),建立相關(guān)預(yù)測(cè)函數(shù),從而方便運(yùn)行人員對(duì)鍋爐運(yùn)行狀態(tài)及效率的掌握;最后在實(shí)時(shí)軟監(jiān)測(cè)基礎(chǔ)上,開(kāi)發(fā)了一套智能吹灰控制系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)采用以上模型計(jì)算平臺(tái)結(jié)果作為智能判斷依據(jù),上位機(jī)作為中間介質(zhì),連接軟測(cè)量模型和吹灰器,以爆燃波作為輸出。本課題建立污染率預(yù)測(cè)模型并設(shè)計(jì)了智能吹灰系統(tǒng),利用某300MW鍋爐換熱面數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行仿真分析,解析模型結(jié)果,分析積灰客觀形成規(guī)律,檢驗(yàn)該預(yù)測(cè)機(jī)制的合理性。在機(jī)組運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定情況下,上位機(jī)軟件中依照灰污預(yù)測(cè)模型計(jì)算結(jié)果實(shí)行決策判斷,經(jīng)過(guò)控制單元指導(dǎo)吹灰裝置吹掃,以達(dá)到燃煤鍋爐尾部煙道智能清潔的目的。仿真效果充分表明該脈沖吹灰系統(tǒng)可穩(wěn)定合理運(yùn)行。該吹灰系統(tǒng)能夠正確指導(dǎo)燃?xì)饷}沖吹灰器,能夠有效解決鍋爐尾部煙道吹灰紊亂問(wèn)題,進(jìn)而提升燃煤機(jī)組的安全性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、可持續(xù)性。
[Abstract]:In the process of boiler operation, pulverized coal combustion causes the ash pollution of convective heating surface to proliferate, the heat transfer is blocked, and the waste heat of flue gas can not be reused in time, which leads to the discharge of overheated flue gas into the atmosphere, and makes the input energy loss of boiler serious. Soot blowing is an indispensable measure to improve heat transfer and realize efficient operation of boiler. Traditional soot blowing is based on the reaction of boiler conditions or some timetables. The operator of the soot blower has little or no information such as scaling state, and often only judges the boiler according to experience or purges the boiler according to the timetable. Therefore, in order to alleviate the imbalance of heat transfer process caused by ash deposition, eliminate thermal deviation, high temperature corrosion and other problems, it is necessary to monitor the surface pollution and development trend of metal pipe at the end of boiler, and adopt effective soot blowing method. Aiming at the inevitable pollution phenomena such as ash accumulation and slagging in the tail metal pipeline of boiler, a set of intelligent gas pulse soot blowing system based on pollution rate prediction model is developed by taking the 24 h data of Guizhou Qianxi Power Plant as the object, such as soft sensing of ash pollution, prediction of ash pollution and optimization of soft sensing monitoring. Firstly, the ash pollution monitoring model of economizer is established, and the pollution rate is used to characterize the pollution of each component, and the boiler tail with complex environment is indirectly transformed into visual chart, and then the relevant prediction function is established according to the pollution state of each component, so as to facilitate the operators to master the operation state and efficiency of the boiler. Finally, on the basis of real-time soft monitoring, a set of intelligent soot blowing control system is developed. The system uses the results of the above model calculation platform as the intelligent judgment basis, the upper computer as the intermediate medium, the soft sensing model and the soot blower, and the explosion wave as the output. In this paper, the pollution rate prediction model is established and the intelligent soot blowing system is designed. The heat transfer surface data of a 300MW boiler are used for simulation analysis, the results of the model are analyzed, the objective formation law of ash accumulation is analyzed, and the rationality of the prediction mechanism is tested. Under the condition of stable operation of the unit, the upper computer software carries out the decision judgment according to the calculation results of the ash pollution prediction model, and the ash blowing device is guided by the control unit in order to achieve the purpose of intelligent cleaning of the tail flue of the coal-fired boiler. The simulation results fully show that the pulse soot blowing system can run stably and reasonably. The soot blowing system can correctly guide the gas pulse soot blower, and can effectively solve the problem of soot blowing disorder in the tail flue of the boiler, and then improve the safety, economy and sustainability of the coal-fired unit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM621.2

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