【摘要】：電力需求的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),日益嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染以及傳統(tǒng)化石燃料短缺等問(wèn)題正驅(qū)使電網(wǎng)朝著高效、靈活、智能和可持續(xù)方式發(fā)展。微電網(wǎng)技術(shù)提高了分布式發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的供電可靠性,通過(guò)對(duì)分布式電源(DG)尤其是可再生能源的規(guī)�；尤肱c應(yīng)用實(shí)現(xiàn)了分布式電源與負(fù)荷的一體化運(yùn)行,是智能配電網(wǎng)未來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),是實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展、可再生能源高效利用和在配電網(wǎng)中廣泛接入的重要手段。然而,由于新能源的間歇性、負(fù)荷種類多樣性、網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)鋸?fù)雜性及電力市場(chǎng)約束性等多種技術(shù)難點(diǎn)的出現(xiàn),使得傳統(tǒng)的能量管理策略難以滿足實(shí)際的控制需求,實(shí)現(xiàn)微電網(wǎng)安全、可靠、經(jīng)濟(jì)地運(yùn)行,就需要對(duì)微電網(wǎng)能量管理問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究。模型預(yù)測(cè)控制(Model Predictive Control,MPC)是一種先進(jìn)的廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)領(lǐng)域的控制技術(shù),其突出的優(yōu)勢(shì)特點(diǎn)是對(duì)被控對(duì)象的模型要求不高,能有效處理大量的約束條件并能通過(guò)反饋機(jī)制實(shí)現(xiàn)閉環(huán)控制,同樣契合于微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的能量管理和協(xié)調(diào)控制。本文圍繞微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的協(xié)調(diào)控制和能量管理展開(kāi)研究,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容有:(1)研究國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于微電網(wǎng)發(fā)展的狀況,分析現(xiàn)有微網(wǎng)存在的主要問(wèn)題和需要克服的技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn),對(duì)于系統(tǒng)級(jí)的能量管理和協(xié)調(diào)控制,研究集中式和分散式兩種先進(jìn)的控制策略,介紹模型預(yù)測(cè)控制的基本原理和在微電網(wǎng)中應(yīng)用的先進(jìn)性。(2)針對(duì)典型的微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng),綜合考慮機(jī)組組合,經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)度,儲(chǔ)能,從電網(wǎng)中買賣電能和負(fù)荷削減規(guī)劃等問(wèn)題�；趯�(duì)系統(tǒng)未來(lái)行為的預(yù)測(cè),可再生能源發(fā)電和負(fù)荷的預(yù)測(cè)值,以最小化經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行成本為目標(biāo)對(duì)微電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行進(jìn)行優(yōu)化控制。對(duì)于微電網(wǎng)中不可避免的擾動(dòng)和預(yù)測(cè)誤差,通過(guò)引入反饋機(jī)制將其嵌入到MPC框架通過(guò)滾動(dòng)時(shí)域方法補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)擾動(dòng)。同時(shí)使用混合邏輯動(dòng)態(tài)架構(gòu)保證儲(chǔ)能和電網(wǎng)交互行為的可行性(即非即時(shí)的充放電、買賣電)。并使用大量的約束和變量來(lái)模型化發(fā)電技術(shù)和物理特點(diǎn),考慮蓄電池的壽命和衰退影響。(3)針對(duì)存在多用戶的微電網(wǎng)中的功率調(diào)度,使用多時(shí)間尺度預(yù)測(cè)控制的能量管理策略。上層控制優(yōu)化儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的充放電時(shí)間和充放電功率,可控發(fā)電單元發(fā)電功率并調(diào)節(jié)負(fù)荷需求,下層控制器優(yōu)化能量在用戶間的流動(dòng)以滿足實(shí)時(shí)的負(fù)荷需求。(4)介紹了能量管理系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展概況,從功能結(jié)構(gòu)、控制結(jié)構(gòu)以及通信結(jié)構(gòu)三個(gè)角度進(jìn)行分析,根據(jù)微電網(wǎng)能量管理系統(tǒng)需求的關(guān)鍵功能,確定微網(wǎng)能量管理系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)及體系結(jié)構(gòu),從而設(shè)計(jì)了基于PCS7的微電網(wǎng)能量管理系統(tǒng)。
[Abstract]:The continuous growth of power demand, the increasing environmental pollution and the shortage of traditional fossil fuels are driving the power grid to develop in an efficient, flexible, intelligent and sustainable way. Microgrid technology improves the power supply reliability of distributed power generation system. Through the large-scale access and application of distributed power supply (DG), especially renewable energy, the integrated operation of distributed power supply and load is the future development trend of intelligent distribution network and an important means to realize sustainable development, efficient utilization of renewable energy and extensive access in distribution network. However, due to the intermittent of new energy, the diversity of load types, the complexity of network topology and the constraint of power market, the traditional energy management strategy is difficult to meet the actual control needs and realize the safe, reliable and economical operation of microgrid, so it is necessary to study the energy management of microgrid. Model Predictive Control (Model Predictive Control,MPC) is an advanced control technology which is widely used in industrial field. its outstanding advantage is that the model of the controlled object is not high, it can effectively deal with a large number of constraints and can realize closed-loop control through feedback mechanism, which is also suitable for energy management and coordinated control of microgrid system. In this paper, the coordinated control and energy management of microgrid system are studied. the main research contents are as follows: (1) to study the development of microgrid at home and abroad, to analyze the main problems and technical challenges to be overcome in the existing microgrid, and to study two advanced control strategies, centralized and decentralized, for energy management and coordinated control at the system level. This paper introduces the basic principle of model predictive control and the advanced application in microgrid. (2) for typical microgrid systems, the problems of unit combination, economic dispatching, energy storage, buying and selling electric energy and load reduction planning from power grid are considered comprehensively. Based on the prediction of the future behavior of the system and the prediction of renewable energy power generation and load, the operation of microgrid is optimized with the goal of minimizing the economic operation cost. For the inevitable disturbance and prediction error in microgrid, the feedback mechanism is introduced into the MPC framework to compensate the disturbance of the system by rolling time domain method. At the same time, the hybrid logic dynamic architecture is used to ensure the feasibility of energy storage and power grid interaction (that is, non-immediate charging and discharging, buying and selling electricity). A large number of constraints and variables are used to model the power generation technology and physical characteristics, considering the life and decline of the battery. (3) the energy management strategy of multi-time scale predictive control is used for power scheduling in multi-user microgrid. The upper layer control optimizes the charge-discharge time and charge-discharge power of the energy storage system, the controllable power generation unit generates power and adjusts the load demand, and the lower layer controller optimizes the energy flow between users to meet the real-time load demand. (4) the development of the energy management system is introduced, and the development of the energy management system is analyzed from three angles of function structure, control structure and communication structure, according to the key functions of the energy management system requirements of the micro-grid. The design goal and architecture of microgrid energy management system are determined, and a microgrid energy management system based on PCS7 is designed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM727

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