【摘要】：本文以降低柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組排氣噪聲為最終研究目的,針對(duì)某型220kW的柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組設(shè)計(jì)一款排氣消聲器,并對(duì)該消聲器進(jìn)行了如下研究:1、研究了消聲器內(nèi)部流體流速和聲固耦合效應(yīng)對(duì)其傳聲損失的影響。首先,對(duì)單級(jí)簡(jiǎn)單抗性消聲器傳聲損失進(jìn)行理論分析和仿真分析,經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)比兩種分析的結(jié)果,驗(yàn)證了仿真方法的可信性;然后,仿真計(jì)算了單級(jí)簡(jiǎn)單抗性消聲器在有、無(wú)流體流速影響下的傳聲損失,結(jié)果表明消聲器內(nèi)部流體的流速使其傳聲損失有所降低;最后,仿真分析了單級(jí)簡(jiǎn)單抗性消聲器結(jié)構(gòu)模態(tài)和聲模態(tài),并對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行改進(jìn),分析改進(jìn)后的消聲器結(jié)構(gòu)在有、無(wú)聲固耦合作用下的傳聲損失,對(duì)比分析結(jié)果,得知,聲固耦合作用對(duì)傳聲損失的影響主要發(fā)生在各階結(jié)構(gòu)模態(tài)和聲模態(tài)頻率處,在這些頻率處傳聲損失發(fā)生突變,但突變卻沒(méi)有規(guī)律性。2、研究了兩級(jí)抗性消聲器中兩個(gè)擴(kuò)張室之間的相互耦合作用。分別仿真計(jì)算了兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單抗性消聲器以及由二者串聯(lián)得到的兩級(jí)抗性消聲器的傳聲損失,對(duì)比分析了兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單抗性消聲器傳聲損失的數(shù)值直接相加和兩級(jí)抗性消聲器的傳聲損失值,結(jié)果表明:兩級(jí)抗性消聲器中的兩個(gè)擴(kuò)張室相互之間的耦合作用使得兩級(jí)抗性消聲器的傳聲損失值普遍低于兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單抗性消聲器傳聲損失的簡(jiǎn)單數(shù)值相加,同時(shí),在低頻段,兩節(jié)抗性消聲器的傳聲損失曲線多了一個(gè)波谷,且谷值接近零,也就是說(shuō),耦合作用使消聲器多了一個(gè)通過(guò)頻率。為進(jìn)一步提升兩級(jí)抗性消聲器聲學(xué)性能,將內(nèi)插管和尾管引入到該消聲器,仿真計(jì)算其傳聲損失,并依據(jù)仿真結(jié)果對(duì)內(nèi)插管的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),得到了性能更好的兩級(jí)抗性消聲器。3、研究了小孔噴注管對(duì)消聲器性能的提升作用。對(duì)比分析了單級(jí)抗性消聲器與小孔噴注單級(jí)抗性消聲器的傳聲損失,結(jié)果表明,小孔噴注管的引入,使得抗性消聲器的傳聲損失明顯提高,尤其是在低頻段,小孔噴注單級(jí)抗性消聲器的傳聲損失十分可觀。4、為得到能夠滿足柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組消聲量要求的消聲器,將兩個(gè)聲學(xué)性能較好且相互之間可以互補(bǔ)的小孔噴注單級(jí)抗性消聲器與帶有內(nèi)插管的兩級(jí)抗性消聲器復(fù)合得到小孔噴注多級(jí)抗性消聲器,并在小孔噴注多級(jí)抗性消聲器內(nèi)部合理填充吸聲材料得到小孔噴注阻抗復(fù)合消聲器。研究了兩個(gè)消聲器復(fù)合對(duì)消聲器性能的提升作用。仿真分析了小孔噴注多級(jí)抗性消聲器的傳聲損失,并與復(fù)合前的兩個(gè)消聲器的傳聲損失對(duì)比,結(jié)果表明:復(fù)合后,消聲器的傳聲損失提升明顯,但仍存在不少頻率處傳聲損失偏低的情況。也證明了引入阻性消聲部分的必要性。研究了阻性消聲部分對(duì)消聲器性能的提升作用。仿真分析了小孔噴注阻抗復(fù)合消聲器的傳聲損失,并與小孔噴注多級(jí)抗性消聲器的傳聲損失對(duì)比,結(jié)果表明:阻性消聲器的引入使得消聲器傳聲損失曲線變得平滑了許多;小孔噴注阻抗復(fù)合式消聲器在計(jì)算的頻率范圍內(nèi)傳聲損失數(shù)值可觀,可基本滿足該柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組消聲量的要求。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to design an exhaust muffler for a 220 kW diesel generator set by reducing the exhaust noise of the diesel generator set. The effect of the fluid flow velocity and the acoustic-solid coupling effect on the acoustic loss of the muffler is studied. First of all, the theoretical analysis and simulation analysis of the sound transmission loss of a single-stage simple-resistance silencer are carried out, the credibility of the simulation method is verified by comparing the results of the two analysis, and then, the sound transmission loss under the influence of a single-stage simple-resistance silencer under the influence of no fluid flow rate is calculated, The results show that the flow velocity of the fluid in the muffler is reduced, and finally, the mode and the acoustic mode of the single-stage simple-resistance muffler are simulated and the structure is improved, and the sound transmission loss of the improved muffler structure under the action of silent solid coupling is analyzed. The results of the comparative analysis show that the effect of the acoustic-solid coupling on the transmission loss mainly occurs at the frequency of the structure and the acoustic mode of each stage, and the acoustic loss at these frequencies is mutated, but the mutation has no regularity. The mutual coupling between two expansion chambers in two-stage resistant muffler is studied. In this paper, two simple resistance silencers and two-stage resistance silencers, which are connected in series by the two simple resistance silencers, are respectively simulated. The results show that the two simple resistance silencers and the two-stage resistance silencers are directly added and the sound transmission loss of the two-stage resistance silencers is analyzed. The results show that: the coupling effect between the two expansion chambers in the two-stage resistance muffler is such that the acoustic loss value of the two-stage resistance muffler is generally lower than the simple numerical addition of the sound transmission loss of the two simple resistance silencers, The sound transmission loss curve of two resistance silencers is more than one wave trough, and the valley is close to zero, that is, the coupling effect makes the muffler more than one pass frequency. In order to further improve the acoustic performance of the two-stage resistant silencer, the inner cannula and the tail pipe are introduced into the muffler, the sound transmission loss is calculated by the simulation, the structure of the inner cannula is improved according to the simulation result, and the two-stage resistant muffler with better performance is obtained. The effect of small-hole injection tube on the performance of the muffler was studied. The sound transmission loss of the single-stage resistance silencer and the small-hole injection single-stage resistance silencer is compared and analyzed, and the result shows that the introduction of the small-hole injection pipe makes the sound transmission loss of the resistant muffler be obviously improved, especially in the low-frequency section, the sound transmission loss of the small-hole injection single-stage resistance silencer is very significant, and 4, to obtain the muffler which can meet the noise elimination amount requirement of the diesel generator set, a single-stage resistance silencer and a two-stage resistant muffler with an inner tube can be combined to obtain a small-hole injection multi-stage resistance silencer by combining two small holes with better acoustic performance and complementary to each other and a two-stage resistant muffler with an inner tube, And the sound-absorbing material is reasonably filled in the small-hole injection multi-stage resistance silencer to obtain a small-hole injection-impedance composite muffler. The improvement of the performance of the two silencers on the performance of the silencers is studied. The sound transmission loss of the multi-stage resistance silencer is simulated and analyzed, and the sound transmission loss of the two mufflers before the composite is compared. The results show that the sound transmission loss of the muffler is obviously improved after the composite, but there are still many cases where the sound transmission loss is low at many frequencies. The necessity of introducing the resistive muffler is also demonstrated. The effect of the resistive muffler on the performance of the muffler is studied. In this paper, the sound transmission loss of a small-hole injection-impedance composite muffler is simulated and compared with the sound-transmission loss of the multi-stage resistance silencer. The results show that the introduction of the resistive muffler makes the acoustic loss curve of the muffler become smooth. The small-hole injection-impedance composite muffler has a considerable acoustic loss in the calculated frequency range, and can basically meet the requirement of the noise elimination amount of the diesel generator set.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM314

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