【摘要】：鉛酸蓄電池作為后備電源,在汽車、通信、電力、鐵路、電動(dòng)車等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域都發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用,在其服役期間,對(duì)其進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)的監(jiān)測(cè)維護(hù)是十分必要的。鉛酸蓄電池的電壓、內(nèi)阻、溫度等可測(cè)量的表征參數(shù)以及它們之間的關(guān)系不僅可以反映蓄電池內(nèi)部的復(fù)雜變化,還可以在一定程度上預(yù)測(cè)蓄電池的健康狀態(tài)。因此,通過(guò)監(jiān)測(cè)鉛酸蓄電池的電壓、內(nèi)阻、溫度等的變化可以為蓄電池管理提供一定的參考。本文以鉛酸蓄電池為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)目前廣泛使用的蓄電池參數(shù)測(cè)試儀器、儀表,進(jìn)行調(diào)查與綜合分析,針對(duì)其不足,研發(fā)出了一套蓄電池參數(shù)在線監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)可以精準(zhǔn)的測(cè)量蓄電池組的充、放電電流,蓄電池組的總電壓、蓄電池內(nèi)阻、蓄電池溫度以及蓄電池單體電壓等。同時(shí),針對(duì)目前變電站所采用的核對(duì)性容量放電(核容放電)確定蓄電池剩余容量方法人力、物力以及能源浪費(fèi)的缺點(diǎn),在歸一化以及有限元思想的指導(dǎo)下,依據(jù)卡爾曼濾波算法對(duì)蓄電池的SOC進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)估計(jì)。蓄電池在線系統(tǒng)作為一種數(shù)字化、信息化的在線監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),對(duì)其基本要求是能夠節(jié)省時(shí)間,操作上更加便利,可以對(duì)蓄電池的整個(gè)生命周期實(shí)行監(jiān)測(cè)。該文所研究的蓄電池在線監(jiān)測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),采取主從機(jī)的模式。集中主控單元作為主機(jī),采集單元作為從機(jī),集中主控單元負(fù)責(zé)向各個(gè)從機(jī)發(fā)送命令,接收來(lái)自各個(gè)從機(jī)的報(bào)文數(shù)據(jù)并對(duì)接收到的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理運(yùn)算,最后將結(jié)果顯示在液晶屏幕上。集中主控單元通過(guò)RS485協(xié)議與各個(gè)從機(jī)進(jìn)行通訊,通過(guò)按鍵向各個(gè)采集模塊發(fā)送消息、查看數(shù)據(jù)以及進(jìn)行一些簡(jiǎn)單的設(shè)置等。上位機(jī)軟件通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與集中主控單元進(jìn)行通信。對(duì)收集到的數(shù)據(jù),軟件可以進(jìn)行綜合分析與處理。該監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)能夠及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確的檢測(cè)蓄電池的單體電壓、蓄電池工作溫度、蓄電池內(nèi)阻、蓄電池組的總電壓以及蓄電池組的充、放電電流等。該監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)新部分,有如下幾點(diǎn):1、基于PSoC系列芯片采集蓄電池內(nèi)阻,避免了傳統(tǒng)復(fù)雜的電路設(shè)計(jì),將微弱信號(hào)處理技術(shù)集成在一個(gè)芯片,利用軟件編程進(jìn)行處理,增大了抗干擾能力,減小了開發(fā)難度,提高了測(cè)量穩(wěn)定性與數(shù)據(jù)精度;2、針對(duì)目前市面上的霍爾傳感器小電流測(cè)量誤差大的缺點(diǎn),利用高精度運(yùn)放器件搭建比例運(yùn)算電路,在精度校準(zhǔn)上,采用分段擬合的算法提高數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)量精度;3、在SOC估計(jì)上,該系統(tǒng)借鑒有限元及歸一化的思想,依據(jù)卡爾曼濾波算法對(duì)蓄電池的SOC進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)估計(jì),極大的減少了物力、人力以及能源的浪費(fèi)。實(shí)踐結(jié)果表明,本文所設(shè)計(jì)的系統(tǒng),檢測(cè)模塊測(cè)試精度高、穩(wěn)定性好,系統(tǒng)通過(guò)軟硬件結(jié)合,處理速度快,實(shí)時(shí)性好,能夠很好的滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。
[Abstract]:Lead-acid battery, as a backup power supply, plays an important role in automobile, communication, power, railway, electric vehicle and other fields. It is very necessary to monitor and maintain lead-acid battery in real time during its service. The measured characterization parameters such as voltage, internal resistance and temperature of lead-acid battery and the relationship between them can not only reflect the complex changes in the battery, but also predict the health state of the battery to a certain extent. Therefore, monitoring the changes of voltage, internal resistance and temperature of lead-acid battery can provide a certain reference for battery management. In this paper, lead-acid battery is taken as the research object, and the widely used battery parameter testing instruments and instruments are investigated and comprehensively analyzed. In view of its shortcomings, a set of battery parameter on-line monitoring system is developed. The system can accurately measure the charge and discharge current of the battery, the total voltage of the battery, the internal resistance of the battery, the temperature of the battery and the single voltage of the battery. At the same time, in view of the shortcomings of the method of nuclear capacity discharge (nuclear capacity discharge) used in substations to determine the remaining capacity of batteries, such as manpower, material resources and energy waste, under the guidance of normalization and finite element method, According to Kalman filter algorithm, the SOC of battery is monitored and estimated in real time. As a kind of digital and information on-line monitoring system, the basic requirement of battery online system is to save time, to operate more conveniently, and to monitor the whole life cycle of battery. The battery on-line monitoring experimental system studied in this paper adopts the master-slave mode. The centralized main control unit acts as the host computer, the acquisition unit as the slave machine, and the centralized main control unit is responsible for sending commands to each slave machine, receiving message data from each slave machine and processing the received data. Finally, the results are displayed on the liquid crystal screen. The centralized main control unit communicates with each slave through RS485 protocol, sends messages to each collection module by pressing the key, views the data and makes some simple settings. The upper computer software communicates with the centralized main control unit through the network. The collected data can be comprehensively analyzed and processed by the software. The monitoring system can timely and accurately detect the single voltage of the battery, the operating temperature of the battery, the internal resistance of the battery, the total voltage of the battery pack, the charge and discharge current of the battery pack, and so on. The innovative part of the monitoring system is as follows: 1. Based on PSoC series chip, the internal resistance of battery is collected, the traditional complex circuit design is avoided, the weak signal processing technology is integrated into one chip, and the software programming is used for processing. The anti-interference ability is increased, the development difficulty is reduced, and the measurement stability and data accuracy are improved. 2. In view of the shortcomings of Hall sensor small current measurement error on the market at present, the proportional operation circuit is built by using high precision operational amplifier. In the precision calibration, the piecewise fitting algorithm is used to improve the data measurement accuracy. 3. In the SOC estimation, the system uses the idea of finite element and normalization for reference, and carries on the real-time monitoring and estimation to the SOC of the battery according to the Kalman filter algorithm, which greatly reduces the waste of material resources, manpower and energy. The practical results show that the system designed in this paper has high test accuracy and good stability, and the system can meet the design requirements by combining software and hardware, fast processing speed and good real-time performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM912

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本文編號(hào)：2478220