【摘要】：當(dāng)今世界正被能源問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重困擾,減少溫室氣體的排放也已在全球范圍內(nèi)達(dá)成共識(shí)。目前,可再生清潔能源發(fā)展迅速,對(duì)于被海洋覆蓋的地球來(lái)說(shuō),海洋能源也在其中占據(jù)著重要位置,它令人興奮但技術(shù)發(fā)展尚未成熟,大多數(shù)發(fā)電裝置仍處于試驗(yàn)探索階段,如何有效降低世界對(duì)化石燃料與天然氣的依賴、改變?nèi)藗兪褂脗鹘y(tǒng)能源的生活習(xí)慣日益重要。除此之外,不僅僅局限于對(duì)波浪能的捕獲,為達(dá)到更高的能源利用效率,世界范圍內(nèi)對(duì)于不穩(wěn)定電能的后處理方案與實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控技術(shù)都提出了更高的要求,本文通過(guò)捕獲裝置關(guān)鍵部件設(shè)計(jì)、監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)和試驗(yàn)研究三方面對(duì)波浪能發(fā)電監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)展開研究。本文積極響應(yīng)我國(guó)“十三五”規(guī)劃對(duì)可再生能源利用提出的新要求,以工程項(xiàng)目實(shí)際應(yīng)用為出發(fā)點(diǎn),以提高設(shè)備發(fā)電效率為目標(biāo),在對(duì)波浪能發(fā)電設(shè)備波浪吸收裝置機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)習(xí)了解的前提下,對(duì)發(fā)電設(shè)備的第一級(jí)能量捕獲裝置進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化與創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì),重點(diǎn)針對(duì)發(fā)電裝置中的第三級(jí)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)與電能后處理系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究與設(shè)計(jì),并對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸與監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究與搭建,以試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)的合理性與可行性,本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括:1)指出當(dāng)前能源危機(jī)形勢(shì),分析波浪能發(fā)電目前的主要技術(shù)難點(diǎn),對(duì)波浪能捕獲機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究,并提出本文在發(fā)電裝置的三個(gè)階段的具體研究?jī)?nèi)容;2)提出系統(tǒng)專用新型雙向發(fā)電葉輪與發(fā)電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方案,葉輪的設(shè)計(jì)思路來(lái)自于成熟的風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)理論和軸流泵葉輪設(shè)計(jì)理論,并測(cè)算出直徑622mm的葉輪設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù);根據(jù)發(fā)電機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)原理,結(jié)合波浪能的特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)出500W的細(xì)長(zhǎng)型、集中繞組、少槽多極的水下密封永磁發(fā)電機(jī);3)設(shè)計(jì)出配套的完整的電能后處理系統(tǒng),從整流、Boost單元、鋰電池、DC/DC單元到逆變單元進(jìn)行原理研究和設(shè)計(jì),軟硬件結(jié)合,對(duì)系統(tǒng)CPU進(jìn)行編程設(shè)計(jì);采用占空比擾動(dòng)的PID控制策略獲取葉輪最佳尖速比,發(fā)電系統(tǒng)發(fā)出的電能進(jìn)行后處理以及其平穩(wěn)高效率利用;在Matlab/Simulink環(huán)境下仿真,將海水流速作為動(dòng)力源輸入控制系統(tǒng),最終獲得較高的獲能系數(shù)與在210V-220V左右穩(wěn)定的電壓,滿足電能后處理的設(shè)計(jì)要求;4)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)通過(guò)GPRS無(wú)線通信獲取發(fā)電設(shè)備電流、電壓、功率等數(shù)據(jù),采用雙通道數(shù)據(jù)傳輸,通過(guò)CPU控制信息存儲(chǔ)器及中斷時(shí)間,并使用VB開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)上位機(jī)軟件,與遠(yuǎn)程設(shè)備實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)谋O(jiān)測(cè)功能;5)搭建實(shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),分別對(duì)葉輪、發(fā)電機(jī)以及電能控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行搭建與實(shí)物試驗(yàn),獲得試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)論得出發(fā)電系統(tǒng)與其控制效果滿足海試要求;在設(shè)備海上試驗(yàn)中,記錄相關(guān)實(shí)際試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),通過(guò)對(duì)試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)的分析研究,且實(shí)現(xiàn)電壓也在合理的波動(dòng)范圍,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果也證明該控制系統(tǒng)正確,同時(shí)也制作出一套波浪能發(fā)電監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的實(shí)物,為進(jìn)一步研究打好基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The world is plagued by energy problems, and global consensus has been reached to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. At present, renewable clean energy is developing rapidly. For the ocean-covered earth, ocean energy also occupies an important position. It is exciting but the technology is not yet mature, and most of the power generation devices are still in the experimental and exploratory stage. It is more and more important to reduce the world's dependence on fossil fuels and natural gas and to change people's habits of using traditional energy. In addition, not only is it limited to wave energy capture, in order to achieve higher energy efficiency, the post-processing scheme and real-time monitoring technology for unstable energy in the world have put forward higher requirements. In this paper, the wave energy power generation monitoring system is studied in three aspects: the design of the key parts of the capture device, the design of the software and hardware of the monitoring system and the experimental research. This paper responds positively to the new requirements of renewable energy utilization put forward in the 13th five-year Plan of China, taking the practical application of engineering projects as the starting point and improving the efficiency of equipment generation as the goal. On the premise of studying and understanding the mechanical structure of wave absorbing device of wave energy generating equipment, the first stage energy capture device of power generation equipment is optimized and innovatively designed. This paper focuses on the research and design of the third stage power generation system and the electric energy post-processing system in the power generation device, and the research and construction of the data transmission and monitoring system, in order to verify the rationality and feasibility of the design. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) the current energy crisis situation is pointed out, the main technical difficulties of wave energy generation are analyzed, and the wave energy capture mechanism is studied. The concrete research contents of this paper in the three stages of the generator are also put forward. 2) A new design scheme of impeller and generator structure for two-way power generation is put forward. The design idea of impeller is derived from mature wind turbine design theory and axial flow pump impeller design theory, and the impeller design data of diameter 622mm are calculated. According to the design principle of generator and the characteristic of wave energy, a 500W thin, concentrated winding and multi-pole underwater sealed permanent magnet generator is designed. 3) to design a complete electric energy post-processing system, from rectifier, Boost unit, lithium battery, DC/DC unit to inverter unit to carry on the principle research and the design, the software and hardware combination, carries on the programming design to the system CPU; The PID control strategy of duty cycle disturbance is used to obtain the optimum speed ratio of the impeller, the power emitted by the power generation system is post-processed and its stable and high efficiency utilization is carried out. In the Matlab/Simulink environment, the seawater flow rate is taken as the power source input control system. Finally, the higher energy coefficient and the stable voltage around the 210V-220V can be obtained, which can meet the design requirements of the post-treatment of electric energy. 4) the monitoring system acquires current, voltage and power data by GPRS wireless communication, adopts dual-channel data transmission, controls information memory and interrupt time through CPU, and uses VB to develop and design the upper computer software. To realize the monitoring function of data transmission with remote equipment; 5) build the laboratory test system, build and test the impeller, generator and electric energy control system respectively, and obtain the test data. The conclusion of data analysis shows that the power generation system and its control effect can meet the requirements of the sea test. In the equipment offshore test, the relevant actual test data are recorded, through the analysis and study of the data in the test process, and the voltage is also in a reasonable fluctuation range, the test results also prove that the control system is correct. At the same time, a kind of wave energy power generation monitoring system is made, which lays the foundation for further research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM612;TP277

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