【摘要】：能源緊缺已成為世界性的難題。新能源如風(fēng)能、太陽(yáng)能等研究得到了人們廣泛的關(guān)注。風(fēng)力發(fā)電以其高效、可再生的優(yōu)點(diǎn),成為了當(dāng)今主要的發(fā)電方式之一。永磁直驅(qū)風(fēng)力發(fā)電以其發(fā)電效率高、電網(wǎng)接入性能優(yōu)等特點(diǎn)成為主流的發(fā)電方式。永磁直驅(qū)風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的控制包括電網(wǎng)側(cè)變換器的控制和電機(jī)側(cè)永磁發(fā)電機(jī)的控制。電網(wǎng)側(cè)變換器的控制策略直接關(guān)系到發(fā)電機(jī)與電網(wǎng)之間的有功功率傳輸以及發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的無(wú)功調(diào)節(jié);電機(jī)側(cè)發(fā)電機(jī)的控制策略直接關(guān)系到電機(jī)定子輸出的有功功率和發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的風(fēng)能利用率。因此,采用合適的永磁直驅(qū)風(fēng)力發(fā)電控制策略是提高發(fā)電系統(tǒng)性能的關(guān)鍵。本文圍繞永磁直驅(qū)風(fēng)力發(fā)電控制策略進(jìn)行研究。首先,以電網(wǎng)側(cè)變換器作為研究對(duì)象,針對(duì)電網(wǎng)電壓可能出現(xiàn)的畸變問(wèn)題,對(duì)并網(wǎng)逆變器的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)—鎖相環(huán)進(jìn)行了深入研究;引入了雙同步坐標(biāo)系解耦軟件鎖相環(huán),并對(duì)并網(wǎng)電流控制策略進(jìn)行了深入分析。其次,以電機(jī)側(cè)永磁電機(jī)作為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)其功率拓?fù)�、�?shù)學(xué)模型和雙閉環(huán)控制機(jī)理進(jìn)行剖析,分析了矢量控制技術(shù);針對(duì)風(fēng)力發(fā)電的實(shí)際應(yīng)用,重點(diǎn)研究了永磁同步電機(jī)的無(wú)速度傳感器控制技術(shù);分析了滑模觀測(cè)器在無(wú)速度傳感器中的應(yīng)用,針對(duì)滑模觀測(cè)器應(yīng)用的缺點(diǎn),引入了基于擾動(dòng)觀測(cè)器的無(wú)速度傳感器控制技術(shù),從而避免了由于滑模觀測(cè)器對(duì)狀態(tài)變量電流進(jìn)行微分而引起的高頻干擾,以及因滑模觀測(cè)器自身存在的固有抖振帶來(lái)高頻諧波而需設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)字濾波器引起的相位延時(shí)等問(wèn)題。最后,利用PSIM和Microsoft Visual C++6.0進(jìn)行聯(lián)合仿真,分別對(duì)電網(wǎng)畸變條件下的鎖相環(huán)性能、兩種無(wú)速度傳感器控制算法和發(fā)電系統(tǒng)整體控制策略進(jìn)行仿真驗(yàn)證;基于搭建的實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),編寫了控制軟件,并進(jìn)行了相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究均表明:提出的永磁直驅(qū)風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)控制策略能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)系統(tǒng)的變速恒頻發(fā)電運(yùn)行、電網(wǎng)電壓故障下的精確鎖相、獨(dú)立調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)輸出的有功和無(wú)功功率、保證永磁電機(jī)無(wú)速度傳感器的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行、輸出正弦性較好的并網(wǎng)電流。仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與理論相符,為工程應(yīng)用奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Energy shortage has become a worldwide problem. The research of new energy such as wind energy and solar energy has been paid more and more attention. Wind power generation has become one of the main power generation methods because of its high efficiency and renewable advantages. Permanent magnet direct drive wind power generation has become the mainstream generation mode due to its high generation efficiency and excellent grid access performance. The control of permanent magnet direct drive wind power generation system includes the control of power side converter and the control of motor side permanent magnet generator. The control strategy of the grid side converter is directly related to the active power transmission between the generator and the power grid and the reactive power regulation of the power generation system. The control strategy of the motor side generator is directly related to the active power output of the motor stator and the utilization of wind energy in the power generation system. Therefore, the proper permanent magnet direct drive wind power generation control strategy is the key to improve the performance of power generation system. The control strategy of permanent magnet direct drive wind power generation is studied in this paper. Firstly, the phase-locked loop (PLL), the key technology of grid-connected inverter, is studied in detail, aiming at the possible distortion of the grid voltage, taking the grid-side converter as the research object. The double synchronous coordinate decoupling software phase locked loop (PLL) is introduced and the current control strategy of grid connection is analyzed. Secondly, the power topology, mathematical model and double closed loop control mechanism of the permanent magnet motor on the motor side are analyzed, and the vector control technology is analyzed. Aiming at the practical application of wind power generation, the speed sensorless control technology of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is studied. In this paper, the application of sliding mode observer in speed sensorless system is analyzed. According to the shortcomings of sliding mode observer, the speed sensorless control technology based on disturbance observer is introduced. Therefore, the high frequency interference caused by the differentiation of the state variable current by the sliding mode observer and the phase delay caused by the high frequency harmonic caused by the inherent buffeting caused by the sliding mode observer are avoided, and the phase delay caused by the design of the digital filter is also avoided. Finally, PSIM and Microsoft Visual C 6.0 are used to simulate and verify the performance of PLL, two speed sensorless control algorithms and the overall control strategy of power generation system under the condition of power grid distortion respectively. Based on the built-up experimental platform, the control software is programmed and the related experiments are carried out. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy can realize the VSCF operation of the system, the precise phase locking under the voltage fault of the power grid, and the independent regulation of the active and reactive power output of the system, and the control strategy of the permanent magnet direct drive wind power generation system can realize the variable speed constant frequency generation operation of the system. Ensure the permanent magnet motor speed sensorless stable operation, output sinusoidal better grid-connected current. The results of simulation and experiment agree with the theory and lay a foundation for engineering application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM315

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