火電機組汽輪機房通風數(shù)值模擬及優(yōu)化研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-02 20:29
【摘要】：近年來火電機組的發(fā)展面臨著來自國家、社會和行業(yè)等多個層面上的壓力,共同決定了火電機組需采取更豐富的節(jié)能減排措施、營造更舒適的運行工作環(huán)境,而汽輪機房作為建筑節(jié)能重要區(qū)域和人員工作主要場所,易出現(xiàn)局部高溫、流通不暢、能量損失等問題,因此其內(nèi)部設備散熱特性和通風規(guī)律值得重點研究。眾多學者采用了多種方法對汽輪機房通風設計及運行狀況進行了計算分析并提出相應改進意見,但大部分優(yōu)化措施較為籠統(tǒng)。本文采用實地測量和數(shù)值模擬相結合的方法分析改進了汽輪機房設備散熱和通風效果,對人員活動密集的各層B排區(qū)域進行了重點研究,并引入新型可控弱氣流通風方式,確定了最佳通風位置、角度、速率等參數(shù),為其工程實際應用提供參考依據(jù)。本文對我國三片典型氣候區(qū)域(夏熱冬冷、嚴寒、寒冷)的三所電廠(句容、長春、石河子)汽輪機房進行了現(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù)采集,通過自行編寫的軟件對設備散熱量進行了計算,統(tǒng)計結果表明三所電廠汽輪機組的散熱量均占汽輪機房內(nèi)總散熱量最大值,約60%左右；長春電廠熱力管道散熱量和石河子電廠凝汽器散熱量相對較大；三所電廠運轉(zhuǎn)層及以上的散熱量占汽輪機房內(nèi)總散熱量的64.9%～78.0%,應相應增大運轉(zhuǎn)層通風量；長春電廠夾層散熱量比例較大,石河子電廠底層和夾層凝汽器周圍出現(xiàn)熱量堆積；各電廠設備輻射散熱量占汽輪機房內(nèi)總散熱量的60.3%～71.2%,設備主要以熱輻射形式向外界散熱,應從控制輻射散熱方面著手以減少設備散熱量。對句容電廠汽輪機房進行模擬后發(fā)現(xiàn)底層和運轉(zhuǎn)層B排附近存在高溫流動死區(qū),分別采用開啟格柵、開啟運轉(zhuǎn)層窗戶和增開輔助排風口三種改進措施,發(fā)現(xiàn)在底層和夾層高溫區(qū)域上方開啟格柵能較好解決底層高溫問題；開啟運轉(zhuǎn)層窗戶和輔助排風口對運轉(zhuǎn)層降溫效果較好,但開啟窗戶會產(chǎn)生短路氣流使得底層溫度略有升高；增開輔助排風口可以更好緩解運轉(zhuǎn)層B排溫度過高現(xiàn)象。夏季炎熱時采用新型通風方式,底層通風速率取1.5m/s,通風角度取20°,運轉(zhuǎn)層通風速率取2.5m/s可以同時滿足設計和節(jié)能要求。對長春電廠汽輪機房進行模擬后發(fā)現(xiàn)夾層內(nèi)溫度過高、流通性不強,底層A排側門附近存在局部低溫區(qū)域,在底層和夾層高溫區(qū)域上方開啟通風格柵可以改善底層速度場,加強空氣擾動,并使得夾層溫度下降,溫度梯度有所緩和；引入新型通風方式將夾層熱空氣抽吸到底層可以增大底層進風量,在底層凝汽器西側形成渦旋,有效卷吸了附近空氣從而更好地帶走附近熱量,大大降低夾層溫度的同時提升底層冷風滲透處的空氣溫度,防止低溫結露,綜合考慮節(jié)能和改進效果,2m/s的通風速率最合適。對石河子電廠汽輪機房進行模擬后發(fā)現(xiàn)其僅在凝汽器周圍出現(xiàn)高溫區(qū)域,其余地方溫度較為合理,該效果主要歸功于格柵面積和位置恰當、熱源分布合理,且采用機械排風方式,值得其它兩所電廠借鑒。將凝汽器表面溫度降低10℃后可以改善高溫區(qū)域環(huán)境并減少輻射散熱量,但對空氣速度場改進效果有限；在高溫區(qū)域上方開啟格柵能夠較好改善空氣溫度和速度,雖然降溫幅度不及直接控制凝汽器溫度,但對速度場影響較大。冬季運行時自然排風會出現(xiàn)局部低溫區(qū)域,將風機反吹后可有效緩解。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the development of the thermal power unit is faced with the pressure from several levels, such as the state, the society and the industry, and jointly determines that the thermal power unit needs to adopt more energy-saving and emission-reducing measures to create a more comfortable operating environment. As an important area of building energy-saving and personnel's main work place, the steam turbine room is subject to some problems such as local high temperature, poor circulation, energy loss and so on. Therefore, the heat dissipation characteristics and ventilation laws of the internal equipment of the turbine room are of great importance. Many scholars have used a variety of methods to calculate and analyze the ventilation design and operating conditions of the turbine room, and put forward corresponding improvement suggestions, but most of the optimization measures are more general. In this paper, the method of field measurement and numerical simulation is used to analyze and improve the heat dissipation and ventilation effect of the steam turbine room equipment, and the area of each layer B with dense personnel activity is studied emphatically, and a new type of controllable weak airflow ventilation mode is introduced, and the optimal ventilation position and the angle are determined. The rate and other parameters provide a reference for the practical application of the project. In this paper, on-site data acquisition of three typical climate zones (cold, cold and cold in summer, cold and cold) in China is carried out, and the heat of the equipment is calculated by the self-written software. The statistical results show that the heat dissipation in the turbine unit of the three power plants account for about 60% of the total heat dissipation in the turbine room, and the heat dissipation of the thermal pipeline of the Changchun Power Plant and the heat dissipation of the condenser of the Shihezi power plant are relatively large; The heat dissipation in the operation layer and above of the three power plant accounts for 64.9% ~ 78.0% of the total heat dissipation in the steam turbine room, and the ventilation volume of the operating layer should be increased accordingly; the proportion of heat and heat of the interlayers of the Changchun power plant is larger, and the heat accumulation around the bottom layer of the Shihezi power plant and the condenser of the interlayer; The radiant heat of the equipment in each power plant accounts for 60.3% to 71.2% of the total heat dissipation in the steam turbine room, and the equipment is mainly radiated to the outside in the form of heat radiation. The heat radiation of the equipment shall be controlled to reduce the heat dissipation of the equipment. A high-temperature flow dead zone exists near the bottom layer and the B row of the operation layer after simulation of the steam turbine room of the syntax-capacity power plant, and the three improvement measures of opening the grid, opening the running layer window and the auxiliary air outlet are respectively adopted, it is found that the opening of the grid above the high-temperature area of the bottom layer and the interlayer can better solve the high-temperature problem of the bottom layer, and the opening of the running layer window and the auxiliary air outlet is better for the cooling effect of the operation layer, but the open window can generate a short-circuit air flow so that the temperature of the bottom layer is slightly increased; The auxiliary air outlet can be used to improve the discharge temperature of the operating layer B. In the hot summer of summer, a new type of ventilation is adopted, the ventilation rate of the bottom layer is 1.5 m/ s, the ventilation angle is 20 degrees, and the ventilation rate of the running layer is 2.5m/ s, and the design and energy saving requirements can be met at the same time. in that simulation, the steam turbine house of the Changchun power plant is simulate, the temperature of the interlayer is too high, the circulation property is not strong, a local low-temperature area exists near the side door of the bottom layer A, and a novel ventilation mode is introduced to draw the interlayer hot air to the bottom layer, the bottom layer air inlet volume can be increased, a vortex is formed on the west side of the bottom layer condenser, the nearby air is effectively sucked, and the nearby heat is better taken away, And the air temperature at the bottom layer cold air penetration is greatly reduced while the interlayer temperature is greatly reduced, the low-temperature condensation is prevented, the energy-saving and the improvement effect are comprehensively considered, and the ventilation rate of 2m/ s is most suitable. The simulation of the turbine room of Shihezi power plant shows that it only has high temperature area around the condenser, and the temperature of the rest is reasonable. The effect is mainly due to the proper grid area and position, reasonable heat source distribution, and the mechanical ventilation mode, which is worth the reference of the other two power plants. after the surface temperature of the condenser is reduced to 10 DEG C, the high-temperature environment can be improved, the heat of the radiation is reduced, the improvement effect on the air velocity field is limited, the air temperature and the speed can be better improved by opening the grid above the high-temperature area, But the effect on the speed field is large. The local low-temperature area will appear in the natural air exhaust during the winter operation, and the fan can be effectively relieved after the fan is back-blowing.
【學位授予單位】：東南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TM621
本文編號：2452894
[Abstract]:In recent years, the development of the thermal power unit is faced with the pressure from several levels, such as the state, the society and the industry, and jointly determines that the thermal power unit needs to adopt more energy-saving and emission-reducing measures to create a more comfortable operating environment. As an important area of building energy-saving and personnel's main work place, the steam turbine room is subject to some problems such as local high temperature, poor circulation, energy loss and so on. Therefore, the heat dissipation characteristics and ventilation laws of the internal equipment of the turbine room are of great importance. Many scholars have used a variety of methods to calculate and analyze the ventilation design and operating conditions of the turbine room, and put forward corresponding improvement suggestions, but most of the optimization measures are more general. In this paper, the method of field measurement and numerical simulation is used to analyze and improve the heat dissipation and ventilation effect of the steam turbine room equipment, and the area of each layer B with dense personnel activity is studied emphatically, and a new type of controllable weak airflow ventilation mode is introduced, and the optimal ventilation position and the angle are determined. The rate and other parameters provide a reference for the practical application of the project. In this paper, on-site data acquisition of three typical climate zones (cold, cold and cold in summer, cold and cold) in China is carried out, and the heat of the equipment is calculated by the self-written software. The statistical results show that the heat dissipation in the turbine unit of the three power plants account for about 60% of the total heat dissipation in the turbine room, and the heat dissipation of the thermal pipeline of the Changchun Power Plant and the heat dissipation of the condenser of the Shihezi power plant are relatively large; The heat dissipation in the operation layer and above of the three power plant accounts for 64.9% ~ 78.0% of the total heat dissipation in the steam turbine room, and the ventilation volume of the operating layer should be increased accordingly; the proportion of heat and heat of the interlayers of the Changchun power plant is larger, and the heat accumulation around the bottom layer of the Shihezi power plant and the condenser of the interlayer; The radiant heat of the equipment in each power plant accounts for 60.3% to 71.2% of the total heat dissipation in the steam turbine room, and the equipment is mainly radiated to the outside in the form of heat radiation. The heat radiation of the equipment shall be controlled to reduce the heat dissipation of the equipment. A high-temperature flow dead zone exists near the bottom layer and the B row of the operation layer after simulation of the steam turbine room of the syntax-capacity power plant, and the three improvement measures of opening the grid, opening the running layer window and the auxiliary air outlet are respectively adopted, it is found that the opening of the grid above the high-temperature area of the bottom layer and the interlayer can better solve the high-temperature problem of the bottom layer, and the opening of the running layer window and the auxiliary air outlet is better for the cooling effect of the operation layer, but the open window can generate a short-circuit air flow so that the temperature of the bottom layer is slightly increased; The auxiliary air outlet can be used to improve the discharge temperature of the operating layer B. In the hot summer of summer, a new type of ventilation is adopted, the ventilation rate of the bottom layer is 1.5 m/ s, the ventilation angle is 20 degrees, and the ventilation rate of the running layer is 2.5m/ s, and the design and energy saving requirements can be met at the same time. in that simulation, the steam turbine house of the Changchun power plant is simulate, the temperature of the interlayer is too high, the circulation property is not strong, a local low-temperature area exists near the side door of the bottom layer A, and a novel ventilation mode is introduced to draw the interlayer hot air to the bottom layer, the bottom layer air inlet volume can be increased, a vortex is formed on the west side of the bottom layer condenser, the nearby air is effectively sucked, and the nearby heat is better taken away, And the air temperature at the bottom layer cold air penetration is greatly reduced while the interlayer temperature is greatly reduced, the low-temperature condensation is prevented, the energy-saving and the improvement effect are comprehensively considered, and the ventilation rate of 2m/ s is most suitable. The simulation of the turbine room of Shihezi power plant shows that it only has high temperature area around the condenser, and the temperature of the rest is reasonable. The effect is mainly due to the proper grid area and position, reasonable heat source distribution, and the mechanical ventilation mode, which is worth the reference of the other two power plants. after the surface temperature of the condenser is reduced to 10 DEG C, the high-temperature environment can be improved, the heat of the radiation is reduced, the improvement effect on the air velocity field is limited, the air temperature and the speed can be better improved by opening the grid above the high-temperature area, But the effect on the speed field is large. The local low-temperature area will appear in the natural air exhaust during the winter operation, and the fan can be effectively relieved after the fan is back-blowing.
【學位授予單位】：東南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TM621
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