發(fā)布時間：2019-03-23 15:11

【摘要】：傳感器和網(wǎng)絡(luò)等通訊技術(shù)日益成熟催生了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,且物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)中包含著數(shù)以萬計的傳感器等待供能設(shè)備。目前的技術(shù)水平可以使這些設(shè)備的功耗低至微瓦,但傳統(tǒng)的電池供電方式仍常常無法滿足其持久、穩(wěn)定、可集成、環(huán)境友好型等供能需求。本文設(shè)計了一種由振動能量轉(zhuǎn)換模塊、電能收集與存儲模塊以及升壓模塊三大模塊組成的微電源,通過將微電源與物聯(lián)網(wǎng)待供能設(shè)備集成而形成自供能設(shè)備,將能為物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)提供一種較為理想的供能解決方案。本文在前人研究成果基礎(chǔ)上,先由微壓電懸臂梁結(jié)構(gòu)著手,考慮尺度效應(yīng)影響因素,探討了其力學(xué)性能變化規(guī)律;接著分別完成了能量轉(zhuǎn)換模塊、電能收集與存儲模塊和升壓模塊的設(shè)計與性能研究;最后針對現(xiàn)階段能量采集器的不足之處,提出了一種新型的能量采集器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計方案,并進(jìn)行了相關(guān)理論分析。論文的主要研究工作包括:(1)微懸臂梁動力學(xué)模型改進(jìn)。針對微懸臂梁結(jié)構(gòu)的壓電式振動能量采集器考慮尺度效應(yīng)影響,采用偶應(yīng)力理論改進(jìn)了微懸臂梁動力學(xué)模型,并結(jié)合實驗測試結(jié)果充分說明了改進(jìn)模型的準(zhǔn)確性。(2)基于MEMS能量采集器的微電源設(shè)計與性能分析。在改進(jìn)微懸臂梁式壓電能量采集器模型的基礎(chǔ)上,通過仿真分析并結(jié)合實測數(shù)據(jù),探討了其電能輸出性能影響因素;進(jìn)一步應(yīng)用BQ25504和TPS61020芯片進(jìn)行了電能收集與存儲模塊和升壓模塊的電路設(shè)計,并采用TINA對電能收集與存儲模塊以及升壓模塊的工作性能分別進(jìn)行了分析。(3)微電源性能優(yōu)化。針對微電源能量源頭的能量采集器目前存在的高諧振頻率和窄工作頻帶問題提出了一種n段梁和n個質(zhì)量塊組成的新型結(jié)構(gòu),并推導(dǎo)了其在外界激勵下的位移響應(yīng)以及輸出電壓的計算公式。以n=2和n=4的采集器為研究對象,分析了其產(chǎn)生的電荷量和電壓隨頻率變化的關(guān)系,結(jié)果表明采集器的諧振頻率實現(xiàn)了大幅度降低,且有效工作頻帶得到較大拓寬。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of Internet of things technology is spurred by the increasing maturity of communication technologies such as sensors and networks, and the Internet of things system contains tens of thousands of sensors waiting for energy supply equipment. The current technical level can make the power consumption of these devices as low as micro-watt, but the traditional battery power supply mode still can not meet its long-lasting, stable, integrated, environment-friendly and other energy requirements. In this paper, a kind of micro power supply is designed, which is composed of three modules: vibration energy conversion module, electric energy collection and storage module and boost module. By integrating the micro power supply with the Internet of things (IoT) equipment to supply energy, a self-energy supply device is formed. It will provide an ideal solution for the Internet of things system. On the basis of previous research results, this paper begins with the structure of micro-piezoelectric cantilever beam, considering the influence factors of scale effect, and probes into the variation rule of its mechanical properties. Then, the design and performance of the energy conversion module, the power collection and storage module and the boost module are completed. Finally, aiming at the deficiency of energy collector at present, a new structure design scheme of energy collector is put forward, and the related theory is analyzed. The main research work in this thesis is as follows: (1) the dynamic model of micro-cantilever beam is improved. Considering the influence of scale effect on the piezoelectric vibration energy collector of micro-cantilever structure, the dynamic model of micro-cantilever beam is improved by using the coupled stress theory. The accuracy of the improved model is fully demonstrated by the experimental results. (2) the design and performance analysis of the micro-power supply based on the MEMS energy collector. On the basis of improving the model of micro-cantilever beam piezoelectric energy collector, the influencing factors of its power output performance are discussed through simulation and analysis combined with the measured data. Furthermore, the circuit design of power collection and storage module and boost module is carried out by using BQ25504 and TPS61020 chips, and the performance of power collection and storage module and boost module are analyzed by TINA. (3) the performance optimization of micro-power supply is given. Aiming at the problem of high resonant frequency and narrow operating frequency band of the energy collector at the energy source of micro-power source, a new structure consisting of n-segment beam and n mass blocks is proposed in this paper. The formulas of displacement response and output voltage under external excitation are derived. In this paper, the relationship between the charge and the voltage of the collector is analyzed. The results show that the resonant frequency of the collector is greatly reduced, and the effective frequency band is broadened. The results show that the resonant frequency of the collector has been greatly reduced and the frequency band of the collector has been broadened greatly with the change of the voltage and the amount of charge generated by the collector.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM619

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