【摘要】：循環(huán)流化床鍋爐作為一種新型潔凈煤燃燒技術(shù),已經(jīng)在我國各容量等級的電廠中得到應(yīng)用。這種技術(shù)憑借燃燒劣質(zhì)煤方面得天獨厚的的優(yōu)勢在我國電力行業(yè)中所占的比重越來越大。但是自動控制系統(tǒng)投入率較低的問題也隨之而來。這主要有兩方面原因:一方面是因為CFB鍋爐內(nèi)部燃燒機理亟待研究,另一方面是成熟煤粉爐的自動控制系統(tǒng)不能完全適合于CFB鍋爐。隨著循環(huán)流化床鍋爐大型化的發(fā)展趨勢,對燃燒系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部機理的研究也逐漸深入。本文基于CFB鍋爐稀、密相區(qū)能量平衡以及質(zhì)量平衡方程,根據(jù)現(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù)辨識得到床溫和主汽壓的數(shù)學(xué)模型,為后續(xù)的研究奠定了基礎(chǔ)。首先,本文針對床溫和主汽壓之間的耦合情況,使用了前饋補償法和串聯(lián)補償法兩種解耦算法實現(xiàn)解耦。通過解耦得到了給煤量控制床溫、一次風(fēng)量控制主汽壓的單變量控制系統(tǒng)。然后,本文針對建立的模型進(jìn)行參數(shù)辨識,最終獲得了給煤量擾動下床溫的數(shù)學(xué)模型。分別采用PID控制、模糊控制、模糊自適應(yīng)PID控制對系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了仿真。通過對仿真曲線的對比分析,得出智能算法比傳統(tǒng)算法在控制品質(zhì)上效果更好。最后,本文針對某電廠CFB鍋爐燃燒優(yōu)化的實際課題,分別對床溫控制系統(tǒng)、給煤量控制系統(tǒng)、石灰石量控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計,使控制系統(tǒng)有完全DCS模式和優(yōu)化控制模式兩種控制方式。實驗結(jié)果表明:優(yōu)化后系統(tǒng)的控制品質(zhì)有了很大的提高,且可以與原DCS系統(tǒng)完成相互跟蹤、無擾切換。
[Abstract]:As a new clean coal combustion technology, circulating fluidized bed boiler (CFB) has been applied in power plants with different capacity levels in China. With the advantage of burning inferior coal, this technology is more and more important in China's electric power industry. But the problem of low input rate of automatic control system also follows. There are two main reasons for this: on the one hand, the internal combustion mechanism of CFB boiler needs to be studied urgently; on the other hand, the automatic control system of mature pulverized coal boiler is not fully suitable for CFB boiler. With the development of circulating fluidized bed boiler (CFB), the internal mechanism of combustion system has been studied deeply. Based on the energy balance and mass balance equations in the dilute, dense phase region of CFB boiler, the mathematical model of bed temperature and main steam pressure is obtained according to the field data, which lays a foundation for further research. Firstly, for the coupling between the bed and the main steam pressure, two decoupling algorithms, the feedforward compensation method and the series compensation method, are used to realize the decoupling. A single variable control system is obtained by decoupling the bed temperature and the primary air volume to control the main steam pressure. Then, the parameter identification of the model is carried out, and the mathematical model of bed temperature under disturbance of coal quantity is obtained. PID control and fuzzy adaptive PID control are used to simulate the system. Through the comparison and analysis of the simulation curve, it is concluded that the intelligent algorithm is more effective than the traditional algorithm in the control quality. Finally, aiming at the practical problem of combustion optimization of CFB boiler in a power plant, the paper designs the bed temperature control system, coal feed control system and limestone quantity control system respectively. The control system has two control modes: complete DCS mode and optimal control mode. The experimental results show that the control quality of the optimized system has been greatly improved, and the system can track each other with the original DCS system without disturbance switching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM621.2;TP273

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