逆變器驅(qū)動電機系統(tǒng)共模電壓抑制方法與實驗研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-23 09:16
【摘要】：隨著電力電子技術(shù)及器件的不斷發(fā)展,PWM逆變器以其優(yōu)越的性能在國民生產(chǎn)的各個領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用。逆變器驅(qū)動電機系統(tǒng)作為變頻調(diào)速領(lǐng)域的典型應(yīng)用,逆變器的控制技術(shù)及其對調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的影響是該領(lǐng)域的研究熱點。傳統(tǒng)的PWM調(diào)制方法會導(dǎo)致逆變器驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)較高的共模電壓,在電機內(nèi)部軸承與機殼之間耦合電容等作用下會在產(chǎn)生軸電流,進一步導(dǎo)致電機軸承絕緣油膜擊穿造成電機軸的損壞,甚至?xí)蛑車椛潆姶挪āＲ虼?從本質(zhì)上認(rèn)識共模電壓的產(chǎn)生機理及其影響因素,找到抑制共模電壓的有效方法,提高逆變器驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的整體性能及運行可靠性對變頻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。首先對逆變器驅(qū)動電機系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及變頻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)存在的問題進行介紹,深入分析了三相PWM逆變器數(shù)學(xué)模型以及共模電壓形成原因。最常見的逆變器驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)是兩電平和三電平逆變器,論文從數(shù)學(xué)模型入手,分別對兩種逆變器工作原理進行研究。分析共模電壓的產(chǎn)生路徑可知,其是由于調(diào)制方法中零矢量的選用而產(chǎn)生的。在對逆變器輸出波形進行傅里葉分析后發(fā)現(xiàn),共模電壓在載波頻率處諧波幅值最大,這對抑制共模電壓的濾波器設(shè)計提供了理論支持。共模電壓的抑制方法大體分為硬件類和軟件類,硬件類方法主要是增加濾波器或者改變逆變器拓?fù)?軟件類方法主要是改進調(diào)制算法和無零矢量控制。首先分析了前饋有源濾波器、無源濾波器及三相四橋臂逆變器等硬件類抑制共模電壓的方法;硬件類方法在抑制共模電壓上雖然有一定的作用,并且工程應(yīng)用較多,但硬件類方法需要增加額外設(shè)備和系統(tǒng)控制復(fù)雜度。接著對隨機變延時PWM、不對稱NZPWM等軟件類方法進行研究,軟件類抑制共模電壓的方法雖然不需要增加其他的設(shè)備,但是計算量大、對控制器的計算能力要求較高。本文在傳統(tǒng)模型預(yù)測控制的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合無零矢量控制提出了能夠抑制共模電壓的模型預(yù)測控制(SCMV-MPC)方法。SCMV-MPC只考慮非零矢量,來實現(xiàn)VSI的控制,同時抑制共模電壓。傳統(tǒng)的PWM調(diào)制方法在一個周期內(nèi)只采用一個矢量進行控制,而SCMP-MPC方法在一個周期內(nèi)用兩個電壓矢量來補償電壓狀態(tài)數(shù)的減少;并且所選取的矢量分別作用,可以有效減小負(fù)載電流與參考電流的誤差。SCMV-MPC方法在將逆變器驅(qū)動電機系統(tǒng)的共模電壓限制在±Vdc/6的同時獲得令人滿意的負(fù)載電流波形。最后介紹了系統(tǒng)的仿真及實驗平臺的設(shè)計過程,通過理論研究及實物實驗,驗證了理論及仿真的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the development of power electronics technology and devices, PWM inverters are widely used in various fields of national production for their superior performance. The inverter drive motor system is a typical application in the field of variable frequency speed regulation. The control technology of inverter and its influence on the speed regulation system are the research hotspot in this field. The traditional PWM modulation method will lead to higher common-mode voltage in the inverter drive system, and the shaft current will be generated under the action of the coupling capacitance between the internal bearing and the housing of the motor. Furthermore, the breakdown of the insulating oil film of the motor bearing causes damage to the motor shaft and even radiates electromagnetic waves to the surrounding area. Therefore, it is very important to understand the mechanism of common-mode voltage and its influencing factors, to find an effective method to restrain common-mode voltage, and to improve the overall performance and reliability of inverter drive system. Firstly, the development status of inverter drive motor system and the problems existing in frequency conversion speed regulation system are introduced, and the mathematical model of three-phase PWM inverter and the common mode voltage forming reason are analyzed in depth. The most common inverter drive system is two-level and three-level inverter. By analyzing the generation path of common-mode voltage, we can see that it is caused by the selection of zero vector in modulation method. After Fourier analysis of the output waveform of the inverter, it is found that the harmonic amplitude of the common-mode voltage is the largest at the carrier frequency, which provides theoretical support for the design of the filter to suppress the common-mode voltage. The common mode voltage suppression methods are generally divided into hardware and software, hardware methods are mainly to increase filters or change the inverter topology, and software methods are mainly to improve modulation algorithm and zero vector control. Firstly, the common mode voltage suppression methods of feedforward active filter, passive filter and three-phase four-leg inverter are analyzed. Although the hardware class method has certain function in suppressing common-mode voltage, and it is widely used in engineering, the hardware class method needs to increase the complexity of additional equipment and system control. Then the random variable delay PWM, asymmetric NZPWM and other software methods are studied. Although the common mode voltage suppression methods do not need to add other equipment, but the calculation is large, the controller's computing power is high. Based on the traditional model predictive control (MPC), a model predictive control (SCMV-MPC) method which can suppress common-mode voltage is proposed in combination with zero-free vector control. SCMV-MPC only considers non-zero vectors to realize the control of VSI. At the same time, the common mode voltage is suppressed. The traditional PWM modulation method uses only one vector in a period, while the SCMP-MPC method uses two voltage vectors in a period to compensate for the reduction of the number of voltage states. The error between the load current and the reference current can be effectively reduced by using the selected vectors respectively. The SCMV-MPC method can obtain a satisfactory load current waveform while limiting the common-mode voltage of the inverter-driven motor system to 鹵Vdc/6. Finally, the system simulation and the design process of the experimental platform are introduced. The validity of the theory and simulation is verified by theoretical research and physical experiments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM464
本文編號：2413663
[Abstract]:With the development of power electronics technology and devices, PWM inverters are widely used in various fields of national production for their superior performance. The inverter drive motor system is a typical application in the field of variable frequency speed regulation. The control technology of inverter and its influence on the speed regulation system are the research hotspot in this field. The traditional PWM modulation method will lead to higher common-mode voltage in the inverter drive system, and the shaft current will be generated under the action of the coupling capacitance between the internal bearing and the housing of the motor. Furthermore, the breakdown of the insulating oil film of the motor bearing causes damage to the motor shaft and even radiates electromagnetic waves to the surrounding area. Therefore, it is very important to understand the mechanism of common-mode voltage and its influencing factors, to find an effective method to restrain common-mode voltage, and to improve the overall performance and reliability of inverter drive system. Firstly, the development status of inverter drive motor system and the problems existing in frequency conversion speed regulation system are introduced, and the mathematical model of three-phase PWM inverter and the common mode voltage forming reason are analyzed in depth. The most common inverter drive system is two-level and three-level inverter. By analyzing the generation path of common-mode voltage, we can see that it is caused by the selection of zero vector in modulation method. After Fourier analysis of the output waveform of the inverter, it is found that the harmonic amplitude of the common-mode voltage is the largest at the carrier frequency, which provides theoretical support for the design of the filter to suppress the common-mode voltage. The common mode voltage suppression methods are generally divided into hardware and software, hardware methods are mainly to increase filters or change the inverter topology, and software methods are mainly to improve modulation algorithm and zero vector control. Firstly, the common mode voltage suppression methods of feedforward active filter, passive filter and three-phase four-leg inverter are analyzed. Although the hardware class method has certain function in suppressing common-mode voltage, and it is widely used in engineering, the hardware class method needs to increase the complexity of additional equipment and system control. Then the random variable delay PWM, asymmetric NZPWM and other software methods are studied. Although the common mode voltage suppression methods do not need to add other equipment, but the calculation is large, the controller's computing power is high. Based on the traditional model predictive control (MPC), a model predictive control (SCMV-MPC) method which can suppress common-mode voltage is proposed in combination with zero-free vector control. SCMV-MPC only considers non-zero vectors to realize the control of VSI. At the same time, the common mode voltage is suppressed. The traditional PWM modulation method uses only one vector in a period, while the SCMP-MPC method uses two voltage vectors in a period to compensate for the reduction of the number of voltage states. The error between the load current and the reference current can be effectively reduced by using the selected vectors respectively. The SCMV-MPC method can obtain a satisfactory load current waveform while limiting the common-mode voltage of the inverter-driven motor system to 鹵Vdc/6. Finally, the system simulation and the design process of the experimental platform are introduced. The validity of the theory and simulation is verified by theoretical research and physical experiments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM464
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