【摘要】：受可再生能源大規(guī)模并網(wǎng)的影響,包括光伏電源在內(nèi)的分布式電源在電網(wǎng)中的滲透率近年來急劇增加,對電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行帶來了嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)和考驗。虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)控制是一種電網(wǎng)友好型技術(shù),能夠使分布式逆變電源表現(xiàn)出與同步發(fā)電機(jī)相同的運(yùn)行特性,增強(qiáng)電網(wǎng)對可再生能源的接納能力。本文結(jié)合光伏發(fā)電與虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)技術(shù),研究了光伏電源作為虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)的運(yùn)行控制方法。首先建立了包含光伏電源、儲能設(shè)備的虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)系統(tǒng)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),并對光伏陣列和超級電容器進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)建模,將同步發(fā)電機(jī)運(yùn)行特性引入到逆變器控制當(dāng)中,分析了虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)的控制原理。其次,對已有虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)實現(xiàn)方案進(jìn)行歸納,建立了虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)在離網(wǎng)/并網(wǎng)模式下的小信號模式,對三種控制策略的動態(tài)、靜態(tài)特性進(jìn)行了分析與比較,針對各策略的使用條件和控制參數(shù)選擇等問題進(jìn)行了討論,研究了三種策略的開機(jī)啟動性能。通過綜合不同控制策略優(yōu)點,對原有控制方案進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)。再者,基于改進(jìn)后的控制方法,研究了含光伏-儲能的虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)系統(tǒng)在并網(wǎng)模式下的協(xié)調(diào)控制策略,通過能量管理對直流/交流兩側(cè)的能量流動關(guān)系進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào),利用超級電容器充放電補(bǔ)償暫態(tài)過程中出現(xiàn)的不平衡功率,減小光伏輸出功率突變對電網(wǎng)的沖擊,并穩(wěn)定直流母線電壓;將儲能設(shè)備荷電狀態(tài)信息傳遞給虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)控制,以便調(diào)整系統(tǒng)的有功功率輸出,避免荷電狀態(tài)出現(xiàn)異常。最后,為運(yùn)行于獨立微網(wǎng)中的光伏-儲能系統(tǒng)設(shè)計了一種能量管理控制策略,并引入了自適應(yīng)下垂特性的概念,結(jié)合調(diào)整下垂斜率和平移下垂特性的方式,使光儲發(fā)電系統(tǒng)能根據(jù)運(yùn)行條件自主切換工作模式、改變功頻輸出和光能攝入,實現(xiàn)光儲系統(tǒng)的無互聯(lián)信號自治管理及對獨立微網(wǎng)持續(xù)運(yùn)行的主動支撐,避免了模式切換可能對系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性造成的影響。
[Abstract]:Influenced by the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy, the permeability of distributed generation, including photovoltaic power, has increased dramatically in recent years, which has brought severe challenges and tests to the stable operation of power system. Virtual synchronous generator control is a kind of grid-friendly technology, which can make the distributed inverter generator show the same operating characteristics as synchronous generator, and enhance the power grid's ability to accept renewable energy. Combined with photovoltaic generation and virtual synchronous generator technology, the operation control method of photovoltaic power supply as virtual synchronous generator is studied in this paper. Firstly, the topology of virtual synchronous generator system including photovoltaic power supply and energy storage equipment is established, and the mathematical model of photovoltaic array and supercapacitor is established, and the operation characteristics of synchronous generator are introduced into inverter control. The control principle of virtual synchronous generator is analyzed. Secondly, the implementation scheme of virtual synchronous generator is summarized, and the small signal mode of virtual synchronous generator in off-grid / grid-connected mode is established. The dynamic and static characteristics of three control strategies are analyzed and compared. The use conditions and control parameters of each strategy are discussed, and the startup performance of three strategies is studied. By synthesizing the advantages of different control strategies, the original control scheme is improved. Furthermore, based on the improved control method, the coordinated control strategy of the virtual synchronous generator system with photovoltaic and energy storage in grid-connected mode is studied, and the energy flow relationship between DC and AC is coordinated by energy management. Using supercapacitors to compensate the unbalanced power in the transient process, the sudden change of photovoltaic output power is reduced and the DC bus voltage is stabilized. The charging state information of the energy storage equipment is transferred to the control of the virtual synchronous generator in order to adjust the active power output of the system and avoid the abnormal charging state. Finally, an energy management control strategy is designed for the photovoltaic energy storage system running in an independent microgrid, and the concept of adaptive sag characteristics is introduced. The optical storage power generation system can change the mode of operation independently according to the operating conditions, change the power and frequency output and light energy intake, realize the autonomous management of the signal without interconnection and the active support for the continuous operation of the independent microgrid. The effect of mode switching on system stability is avoided.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM341

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