【摘要】：隨著國家大力推進綠色可持續(xù)發(fā)展,永磁同步電機(PMSM)以其體積小、高效率、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單等特點,已愈來愈廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)、交通、家用電器等領(lǐng)域。本文以空調(diào)壓縮機用永磁同步電機為背景,為滿足空調(diào)系統(tǒng)低成本、輕量化等方面要求,并針對傳統(tǒng)變頻空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中機械式位置傳感器在高溫、高腐蝕環(huán)境下使用困難以及網(wǎng)側(cè)功率因數(shù)低、諧波嚴(yán)重等問題,對PMSM無位置傳感器控制技術(shù)及無電解電容高功率因數(shù)控制策略進行了深入研究。首先,根據(jù)永磁同步電機的結(jié)構(gòu)特點推導(dǎo)了不同坐標(biāo)系下的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并結(jié)合矢量方程及空間矢量脈寬調(diào)制研究了永磁同步電機相關(guān)矢量控制方案。分析了各環(huán)節(jié)PI控制器的參數(shù)整定方法,搭建了PMSM矢量控制系統(tǒng)的仿真模型并對控制性能進行了驗證。針對傳統(tǒng)位置傳感器較大體積、較高成本以及易受到惡劣環(huán)境影響可靠性較低等問題,設(shè)計了一種基于改進滑模觀測器的無位置傳感器技術(shù)。通過采用可變邊界層厚度的飽和函數(shù)及鎖相環(huán)來減少傳統(tǒng)方法中的抖振問題,仿真驗證了改進算法良好的魯棒性與動態(tài)響應(yīng)能力。同時,針對啟動及低速下無傳感器控制位置角觀測誤差的問題,詳細分析了高頻信號注入法與IF開環(huán)啟動策略,結(jié)合相應(yīng)空調(diào)永磁同步電機的運行特性及控制需求,探討了電機運行的最優(yōu)控制方案。目前驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)中采用的電解電容壽命短、可靠性差且系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)側(cè)功率因數(shù)低,而額外PFC電路增加了系統(tǒng)的體積成本以及損耗。本文在無位置傳感器控制的基礎(chǔ)上進一步研究了無電解電容高功率因數(shù)的控制策略。分析了無電解電容拓撲下系統(tǒng)輸入功率因數(shù)與母線電壓脈動的關(guān)系,并給出了系統(tǒng)獲取高功率因數(shù)的條件。從系統(tǒng)功率的角度分析,研究了基于功率調(diào)節(jié)的無電解電容控制策略,提出了基于母線電壓調(diào)節(jié)的功率補償方案以及基于功率平衡的過調(diào)制策略。仿真結(jié)果表明該算法能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)網(wǎng)側(cè)較高的功率因數(shù)及低諧波含量。最后,搭建了實驗平臺完成了永磁同步電機無位置傳感器及無電解電容控制算法的驗證。通過現(xiàn)場實驗表明,本文提出的控制策略實現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)低成本、高功率因數(shù)的預(yù)期效果,具有較高的實際運用價值。
[Abstract]:With the development of green and sustainable development, PMSM (permanent Magnet synchronous Motor) (PMSM) has been widely used in many fields such as industry, transportation, household appliances and so on, because of its small size, high efficiency, simple structure and so on. In this paper, the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) used in air conditioning compressor is used as the background. In order to meet the requirements of low cost and light weight of air conditioning system, and aiming at the high temperature of the mechanical position sensor in the traditional frequency conversion air conditioning system, It is difficult to use in high corrosion environment, low power factor and serious harmonics on the grid side. The PMSM positionless sensorless control technology and the high power factor control strategy without electrolytic capacitance are deeply studied. Firstly, according to the structure characteristics of PMSM, the mathematical models of PMSM in different coordinate systems are derived, and the correlative vector control scheme of PMSM is studied by combining vector equation and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). The parameter tuning method of each link PI controller is analyzed, the simulation model of PMSM vector control system is built and the control performance is verified. In order to solve the problems of large volume, high cost and low reliability of traditional position sensor, which is easily affected by bad environment, a position sensorless technology based on improved sliding mode observer is designed. By using saturation function of variable boundary layer thickness and phase-locked loop to reduce buffeting problem in traditional methods, simulation results show that the improved algorithm has good robustness and dynamic response ability. At the same time, aiming at the error of sensorless control position angle observation at startup and low speed, the high frequency signal injection method and IF open-loop startup strategy are analyzed in detail, and the operation characteristics and control requirements of the corresponding air-conditioned permanent magnet synchronous motor are combined. The optimal control scheme of motor operation is discussed. At present, the electrolytic capacitance used in the drive system has short life, low reliability and low power factor on the network side of the system, while the extra PFC circuit increases the volume cost and loss of the system. In this paper, the control strategy of high power factor without electrolytic capacitance is further studied on the basis of position sensorless control. The relationship between input power factor and bus voltage pulsation under the topology of electrolytic capacitance is analyzed, and the conditions for obtaining high power factor are given. From the point of view of system power, the non-electrolytic capacitor control strategy based on power regulation is studied, and the power compensation scheme based on bus voltage regulation and the over-modulation strategy based on power balance are proposed. Simulation results show that the algorithm can achieve high power factor and low harmonic content. Finally, the experiment platform is built to verify the sensorless and electrolytic capacitance control algorithm of PMSM. Field experiments show that the proposed control strategy can achieve the expected effect of low cost and high power factor, and has high practical application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM341

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