【摘要】：隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,能源緊缺和環(huán)境污染問題日益突出。近年來,電動汽車作為一種清潔、高效的交通工具越來越為人們所重視。而電動汽車的運行性能主要取決于其驅(qū)動電機的運行性能,這促使了對進(jìn)一步發(fā)展、完善電機控制技術(shù)的需求。矢量控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展以及異步電機低成本、免維護(hù)、寬調(diào)速范圍的突出優(yōu)點,使得異步驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)在電動汽車中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。在電動汽車中,速度傳感器的安裝不僅增加了系統(tǒng)控制成本,同時振動、電磁干擾的惡劣環(huán)境也影響了轉(zhuǎn)速信號檢測的可靠性。因此無速度傳感器矢量控制技術(shù)成為高性能電動機驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的必備技術(shù),而其技術(shù)的核心在于轉(zhuǎn)速和磁鏈觀測。同時磁鏈的準(zhǔn)確觀測對矢量控制的性能具有決定性的意義。本文圍繞異步電機基于轉(zhuǎn)子磁場定向的無速度傳感器矢量控制技術(shù)展開研究,主要對速度和轉(zhuǎn)子磁鏈觀測這兩大核心內(nèi)容進(jìn)行深入研究與分析。首先從異步電機數(shù)學(xué)模型出發(fā),對間接磁場定向和直接磁場定向兩種典型矢量控制方案進(jìn)行了簡要討論。其次,針對傳統(tǒng)模型參考自適應(yīng)系統(tǒng)(MRAS)轉(zhuǎn)速辨識方法存在的問題,研究了一種基于二階滑模與MRAS相結(jié)合的轉(zhuǎn)速辨識方案。該方案首先通過二階Super-Twisting滑模觀測器對一個中間變量進(jìn)行觀測,且該觀測器無需轉(zhuǎn)速信息,將其作為MRAS速度觀測器的參考模型。而MRAS觀測器的可調(diào)模型則由磁鏈的電流模型改造而來。據(jù)此,利用Popov超穩(wěn)定理論設(shè)計了轉(zhuǎn)速自適應(yīng)率,用以調(diào)節(jié)可調(diào)模型,并獲得轉(zhuǎn)速信息。此外,本文在實現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)速辨識的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了基于二階Super-Twisting滑模觀測器的轉(zhuǎn)子磁鏈觀測方案,以較為準(zhǔn)確地獲取轉(zhuǎn)子磁鏈,進(jìn)而實現(xiàn)直接磁場定向。最后,搭建了5.51kW異步電機矢量控制系統(tǒng)的MATLAB仿真模型和實驗平臺,對所設(shè)計的轉(zhuǎn)速辨識及轉(zhuǎn)子磁鏈觀測方案進(jìn)行了仿真和實驗研究。結(jié)果證明了該方案的可行性和有效性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, energy shortage and environmental pollution are increasingly prominent. In recent years, electric vehicles as a clean and efficient means of transportation have been paid more and more attention. The performance of electric vehicle mainly depends on the performance of its driving motor, which promotes the further development and improvement of motor control technology. With the development of vector control technology and the advantages of low cost, maintenance-free and wide speed range of asynchronous motor, asynchronous drive system has been widely used in electric vehicles. In electric vehicle, the installation of speed sensor not only increases the cost of system control, but also affects the reliability of speed signal detection due to the bad environment of vibration and electromagnetic interference. Therefore, speed sensorless vector control technology has become an essential technology for high performance motor drive system, and the core of its technology is speed and flux observation. At the same time, the accurate observation of flux is of decisive significance to the performance of vector control. In this paper, the speed sensorless vector control technology of induction motor based on rotor flux orientation is studied, and the two core contents of speed and rotor flux observation are deeply studied and analyzed. Based on the mathematical model of induction motor, two typical vector control schemes, indirect magnetic field orientation and direct magnetic field orientation, are discussed briefly. Secondly, aiming at the problems of the traditional model reference adaptive system (MRAS) speed identification method, a speed identification scheme based on the combination of second-order sliding mode and MRAS is studied. First, a second order Super-Twisting sliding mode observer is used to observe an intermediate variable, and the observer is used as the reference model of the MRAS speed observer without speed information. The adjustable model of the MRAS observer is modified by the current model of the flux chain. Based on this, the speed adaptive rate is designed by using the Popov hyperstability theory to adjust the adjustable model, and the rotational speed information is obtained. In addition, on the basis of speed identification, a rotor flux observation scheme based on second-order Super-Twisting sliding mode observer is designed to obtain rotor flux accurately and realize direct flux orientation. Finally, the MATLAB simulation model and experimental platform of 5.51kW asynchronous motor vector control system are built, and the speed identification and rotor flux observation scheme are simulated and experimentally studied. The results show that the scheme is feasible and effective.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TM343

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