【摘要】：電動(dòng)汽車充電行為具有隨機(jī)性和不確定性,大規(guī)模充電負(fù)荷接入配電網(wǎng)會(huì)引起電壓質(zhì)量問題,與此同時(shí),配電網(wǎng)電壓質(zhì)量也會(huì)影響電動(dòng)汽車充電的正常進(jìn)行,其中,電壓暫降對電動(dòng)汽車充電的影響尚未引起關(guān)注。因此,研究電動(dòng)汽車充電可能引起的電壓質(zhì)量問題以及電壓暫降對電動(dòng)汽車充電的影響具有重要的理論和實(shí)際作用。本文首先建立了電動(dòng)汽車充電負(fù)荷模型。歸納了影響電動(dòng)汽車充電負(fù)荷建模的因素,包括電動(dòng)汽車數(shù)量及類型、電池充放電特性和充電模式等�；趯χ饕愋碗妱�(dòng)汽車用戶行駛習(xí)慣的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),研究了各自對應(yīng)的充電模式與充電時(shí)間,建立了不同類型電動(dòng)汽車充電負(fù)荷模型,運(yùn)用蒙特卡洛法計(jì)算了電動(dòng)汽車的充電負(fù)荷。針對充電負(fù)荷建模假設(shè)每日一充以及各日充電負(fù)荷一致的不合理性,提出了一種計(jì)及周末充電高峰效應(yīng)的私家車充電負(fù)荷計(jì)算方法,該方法能夠反映電動(dòng)汽車用戶的充電習(xí)慣,體現(xiàn)不同日期間充電負(fù)荷的差別。其次,利用MATLAB軟件搭建了配電網(wǎng)模型,仿真分析了不同規(guī)模電動(dòng)汽車接入配電網(wǎng)后對節(jié)點(diǎn)電壓偏移、電壓不平衡和變壓器負(fù)載率的影響情況。仿真過程中設(shè)計(jì)了不同的場景,綜合考慮了快速充電與慢速充電、純電式與插入式電動(dòng)汽車充電對配電網(wǎng)的不同影響,慢速充電在三相均衡充電與不均衡充電模式下對三相電壓不平衡的影響等因素,同時(shí)分析了有序充電在改善電壓質(zhì)量方面的重要性。最后,研究了電壓暫降對不同類型電動(dòng)汽車充電機(jī)的影響。總結(jié)了充電機(jī)類型和電壓暫降的詳細(xì)分類,分析了電壓暫降對充電機(jī)影響的機(jī)理,應(yīng)用PSCAD軟件分別搭建了單相車載充電機(jī)、三相六脈沖充電機(jī)、十二脈沖充電機(jī)以及PWM充電機(jī)的仿真模型,分析了暫降幅值、持續(xù)時(shí)間等特征量對不同類型充電機(jī)的影響程度,以及母線與充電機(jī)之間變壓器類型及充電機(jī)功率對充電機(jī)應(yīng)對電壓暫降能力的影響,并對影響程度進(jìn)行了評估。仿真結(jié)果表明,電壓暫降對充電機(jī)的影響不僅與電壓暫降的強(qiáng)度和類型有關(guān),也與充電機(jī)的工作狀態(tài)有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:The charging behavior of electric vehicle is random and uncertain. Large-scale charging load connected to distribution network will cause voltage quality problems. At the same time, the voltage quality of distribution network will also affect the normal charging of electric vehicle, among which, The effect of voltage sag on electric vehicle charging has not attracted much attention. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the voltage quality problem caused by electric vehicle charging and the influence of voltage sag on electric vehicle charging. In this paper, the charging load model of electric vehicle is established. The factors influencing the electric vehicle charging load modeling are summarized, including the number and type of electric vehicle, battery charge and discharge characteristics and charging mode. Based on the statistical data of the driving habits of the main types of electric vehicles, the corresponding charging modes and charging time are studied, and the charging load models of different types of electric vehicles are established. The charging load of electric vehicle is calculated by Monte Carlo method. In view of the irrationality of the assumption that the charge load is one charge per day and the charge load of each day is consistent, a charging load calculation method for private cars considering the weekend peak charge effect is proposed, which can reflect the charging habits of electric vehicle users. Reflect the difference of charge load during different days. Secondly, the distribution network model is built with MATLAB software, and the influence of different scale electric vehicles on node voltage offset, voltage imbalance and transformer load ratio is simulated and analyzed. In the process of simulation, different scenarios are designed, including fast charging and slow charging, and the different effects of pure electric vehicle charging and plug-in electric vehicle charging on distribution network. The influence of slow charge on voltage imbalance in three-phase equalization charging and unbalanced charging mode is discussed. The importance of orderly charging in improving voltage quality is also analyzed. Finally, the effect of voltage sag on different types of electric vehicle charger is studied. The types of charging machines and the detailed classification of voltage sag are summarized. The mechanism of voltage sag on chargers is analyzed. The single-phase on-board charger and three-phase six-pulse charger are built by using PSCAD software. The simulation models of twelve pulse chargers and PWM chargers are analyzed, and the influence of the characteristics such as the temporary decrease value and duration on the different types of rechargeers is analyzed. The influence of transformer type between bus and charger and the power of charger on the voltage sag ability of charger is evaluated. The simulation results show that the effect of voltage sag on the charger is not only related to the intensity and type of voltage sag, but also to the working state of the charger.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM711

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