【摘要】：染料敏化太陽能電池是利用太陽能轉(zhuǎn)化成電能的電子器件,是目前人們利用清潔能源有效方法之一。透明導(dǎo)電基底作為電子器件核心部分,對染料敏化太陽能電池性能起著重要的作用。因纖維素具有來源豐富、價格低廉、可生物降解、可繞曲性等優(yōu)點,纖維素有望取代塑料、玻璃等材料,制備纖維素基底材料的新一代"綠色"電子器件將成為國內(nèi)外研究的熱點。本文以溶解漿為原料,采用NMMO(N-甲基嗎啉-N-氧化物)為溶劑,制備透明纖維素薄膜;并以透明薄膜為基底,通過磁控濺射技術(shù)制備透明導(dǎo)電纖維素薄膜;以透明導(dǎo)電纖維素薄膜作為太陽能電池的電極,制備染料敏化太陽能電池。分析纖維素的濃度、溶解時間、溶解溫度等因素對纖維素薄膜性質(zhì)的影響,優(yōu)化透明纖維素薄膜制備工藝。研究結(jié)果表明,在纖維素濃度為7%、溶解溫度110℃、凝固浴溫度25℃的為最佳制備工藝條件下,能制備出較高透光率和機械強度的纖維素薄膜,纖維素薄膜的透光率為85.4%,拉伸強度為36.9MPa,斷裂伸縮率為11.6%;在210℃以的高溫環(huán)境下,纖維素薄膜仍具有良好的透光率和熱穩(wěn)定性;在酸性堿性環(huán)境下,纖維素薄膜具有較好的耐酸耐堿性能。采用高真空磁控濺射技術(shù)將導(dǎo)電物質(zhì)銀(Ag)濺射至纖維素薄膜上,制備導(dǎo)電Ag/纖維素復(fù)合膜。結(jié)果表明,在濺射時間45s、濺射功率50W和濺射氬氣流量50sccm的最佳制備工藝條件下,Ag/纖維素復(fù)合膜具有良好的導(dǎo)電性能,方塊電阻低至7.8Ω/□,Ag/纖維素復(fù)合膜透光率偏低,可見光平均透光率為51.3%;由掃描電子顯微鏡和原子力顯微鏡圖可知,Ag/纖維素復(fù)合膜是由島狀的Ag粒子緩慢地團簇成致密的Ag層覆蓋至纖維素薄膜表面而形成的。采用高真空磁控濺射技術(shù),將ITO濺射至纖維素薄膜上,制備透明導(dǎo)電的ITO/纖維素復(fù)合膜。結(jié)果表明,在濺射時間3h、濺射功率110W、濺射壓強3Pa和濺射溫度120℃的最佳制備工藝條件下,ITO/纖維素復(fù)合膜具有良好的導(dǎo)電性能和高的透光率,方塊電阻低至10.5Ω/□,可見光平均透光率為72.8%;由掃描電子顯微鏡和原子力顯微鏡圖可知,ITO/纖維素復(fù)合膜具有較好的致密性和平整度。與Ag/纖維素導(dǎo)電膜相比,ITO/纖維素導(dǎo)電膜具有良好的電學(xué)性能和光學(xué)性能,其性質(zhì)可滿足染料敏化太陽能電池的基底要求。以ITO/纖維素導(dǎo)電膜作為染料敏化太陽能電池的光電極和對電極,建構(gòu)以N79作為染料的染料敏化太陽能電池,分析染料敏化太陽能電池的光電學(xué)性能。研究結(jié)果表明,利用ITO/纖維素導(dǎo)電膜作為光電極時,器件的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率為1.1%、開路電壓為0.67V、填充因子能為40.1%、短路電流為4.08mA/cm~2;利用ITO/纖維素導(dǎo)電膜作為對電極時,器件的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率高達5.2%、開路電壓可達0.92V、填充因子能為59.4%、短路電流為9.52 mA/cm~2。使用ITO/纖維素導(dǎo)電膜作為染料敏化太陽能電池的對電極時,有利于降低電池中內(nèi)損能量和光生載流子的產(chǎn)生,本研究方法為開發(fā)高性能染料敏化太陽能電池對電極材料提供了一種新的研究方法。
[Abstract]:The dye-sensitized solar cell is an electronic device for converting solar energy into electric energy, and is one of the most effective methods for people to use clean energy. As the core part of the electronic device, the transparent conductive substrate plays an important role in the performance of the dye-sensitized solar cell. As the cellulose has the advantages of abundant source, low price, biodegradability, and the like, the cellulose is expected to replace materials such as plastic, glass and the like, and a new-generation "green" electronic device for preparing the cellulose substrate material will become the hot spot of the research at home and abroad. The method comprises the following steps of: taking a dissolving pulp as a raw material, adopting an NMMO (N-methyl-1-N-oxide) as a solvent to prepare a transparent cellulose film, taking a transparent film as a substrate, preparing a transparent conductive cellulose film by a magnetron sputtering technology, and using a transparent conductive cellulose film as an electrode of a solar cell, a dye-sensitized solar cell is prepared. The influence of the factors such as the concentration of the cellulose, the dissolution time and the dissolution temperature on the properties of the cellulose film was analyzed, and the preparation technology of the transparent cellulose film was optimized. The results show that the cellulose film with high light transmittance and mechanical strength can be prepared under the optimum conditions of the cellulose concentration of 7%, the dissolution temperature of 110 鈩，

本文編號：2386018