發(fā)布時間：2018-12-14 06:44

【摘要】：隨著全球能源需求的日益增長,能源危機問題越來越突出,更多的學(xué)者開始關(guān)注新能源。風(fēng)力發(fā)電作為新能源的一個重要分支,其研究和使用是改善能源結(jié)構(gòu)的有效途徑之一。相對于水平軸風(fēng)機,垂直軸風(fēng)機(vertical axis wind turbine,VAWT)在城市風(fēng)電和偏遠地區(qū)風(fēng)電系統(tǒng)中具有明顯的優(yōu)勢,近年來發(fā)展迅速。因此研究以垂直軸風(fēng)機為基礎(chǔ)的小型風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。垂直軸風(fēng)機工作原理的分析是研究風(fēng)力發(fā)電的基礎(chǔ)。本文對H型風(fēng)機的葉片在四象限中做了受力分析,得到風(fēng)機在升力作用下的做功原理;然后選擇與10kW垂直軸風(fēng)機相匹配的永磁同步發(fā)電機作為電能轉(zhuǎn)換裝置,并建立了永磁同步電機的仿真模型。本文的主電路采用兩級式拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)。前級為Boost升壓電路,后級為單相LCL型并網(wǎng)逆變器。前級Boost電路起到最大功率跟蹤(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)和升壓的目的,最大功率跟蹤通過控制Boost電感電流實現(xiàn)。為此,本文建立了 Boost電路電感電流對占空比的小信號模型,并設(shè)計了控制器參數(shù)。并網(wǎng)逆變器的控制策略及控制器參數(shù)直接決定著風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的并網(wǎng)性能。本文選擇帶LCL濾波器的單相并網(wǎng)逆變器拓撲結(jié)構(gòu),LCL濾波器存在諧振問題,諧振峰出現(xiàn)在穿越頻率處使系統(tǒng)無法穩(wěn)定,因此需要引入針對諧振峰的阻尼控制。在不考慮控制延遲的情況下,本文分析了有源阻尼控制時系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性并設(shè)計了控制器參數(shù),在并網(wǎng)逆變器仿真模型中對所設(shè)計的控制系統(tǒng)進行了驗證。考慮到實際系統(tǒng)中存在數(shù)字控制延遲,對于快速性要求很高的并網(wǎng)電流環(huán),微小的延遲都能給系統(tǒng)的動、穩(wěn)態(tài)性能帶來很大的影響。因此本文在離散域中建立了帶有控制延遲的并網(wǎng)逆變器模型,并分析了有源阻尼控制系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性。通過對帶有延遲環(huán)節(jié)的開環(huán)Bode圖分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)引入延遲環(huán)節(jié)后,系統(tǒng)的諧振頻率與穿越頻率不再重合,諧振峰使系統(tǒng)不穩(wěn)定的結(jié)論不再成立。因此,本文提出一種無阻尼控制策略,并采用Bode圖判穩(wěn)的方式推導(dǎo)出可以采用無阻尼控制策略的充要條件,進一步給出了控制器參數(shù)的設(shè)計步驟和仿真結(jié)果。本文搭建了一臺10kW風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)實驗平臺。在實驗平臺上分別做了不同功率等級的實驗,通過實驗驗證了本文所提出的無阻尼控制策略的可行性和控制器參數(shù)設(shè)計方法的有效性,將理論分析與實踐驗證有機統(tǒng)一,為單相LCL型并網(wǎng)逆變器控制策略與控制器參數(shù)的設(shè)計提供參考。
[Abstract]:With the increasing global energy demand, the problem of energy crisis is becoming more and more prominent, more and more scholars begin to pay attention to new energy. Wind power generation as an important branch of new energy, its research and use is one of the effective ways to improve the energy structure. Compared with horizontal shaft fan, vertical shaft fan (vertical axis wind turbine,VAWT) has obvious advantages in urban wind power system and remote area wind power system, and has developed rapidly in recent years. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the small wind power generation system based on vertical axis fan. The analysis of the working principle of vertical axis fan is the basis of wind power generation. In this paper, the force of the blade of H type fan in the four quadrant is analyzed, and the work principle of the fan under the action of lift is obtained. Then the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), which matches the 10kW vertical axis fan, is selected as the power conversion device, and the simulation model of PMSM is established. The main circuit of this paper adopts two-stage topology. The former stage is Boost boost circuit, the latter stage is single phase LCL grid-connected inverter. The front stage Boost circuit has the purpose of maximum power tracking (maximum power point tracking,MPPT) and boost voltage. The maximum power tracking is realized by controlling the inductance current of Boost. In this paper, a small signal model of the duty cycle ratio of inductor current in Boost circuit is established, and the controller parameters are designed. The control strategy and controller parameters of grid-connected inverter directly determine the grid-connected performance of wind power system. The topology of single-phase grid-connected inverter with LCL filter is selected in this paper. The LCL filter has resonance problem and the resonance peak appears at the crossing frequency which makes the system unstable. Therefore the damping control for the resonant peak is needed. Without considering the control delay, the stability of the active damping control system is analyzed and the controller parameters are designed. The designed control system is verified in the grid-connected inverter simulation model. Considering the existence of digital control delay in the real system, for the grid-connected current loop with high speed requirement, the small delay can greatly affect the dynamic and steady performance of the system. In this paper, a grid-connected inverter model with control delay is established in discrete domain, and the stability of active damping control system is analyzed. By analyzing the open loop Bode diagram with delay link, it is found that the resonant frequency of the system is no longer overlapped with the crossing frequency after the delay link is introduced, and the conclusion that the resonance peak is unstable is no longer valid. Therefore, an undamped control strategy is proposed in this paper, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for undamped control strategy are derived by using Bode diagram, and the design steps and simulation results of controller parameters are given. In this paper, an experimental platform of 10kW wind power generation system is built. Experiments of different power levels are made on the experimental platform. The feasibility of the proposed undamped control strategy and the effectiveness of the controller parameter design method are verified by experiments. The theoretical analysis and practical verification are organically unified. It provides a reference for the control strategy and controller parameter design of single phase LCL grid-connected inverter.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM614

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本文編號：2378121