【摘要】：由于全球經濟的快速發(fā)展,石油、煤炭等不可再生資源逐漸消耗殆盡,風能作為可再生資源,一定程度上能夠滿足我國的能源需求,因此風力發(fā)電機也越來越受到能源界的關注。隨著風力發(fā)電機的單機功率越來越大,塔架越來越高,其柔性特性更加明顯,而且風力發(fā)電機的運輸、檢測維修的成本越來越昂貴,風力發(fā)電機必須保證長時間無故障安全運行。軸承作為關鍵零部件,在齒輪箱傳動系統(tǒng)中出現(xiàn)的故障比較頻繁,而且其結構特性嚴重影響著齒輪箱傳動系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)特性。因此探討風力機傳動系統(tǒng)在柔性支承下的動態(tài)特性具有重要的意義。本課題以復合間隙下風力機齒輪箱傳動系統(tǒng)為研究對象,圍繞柔性支承下風力機傳動系統(tǒng)動態(tài)特性進行研究,主要研究方法和結論如下:首先,考慮軸承的剛度和阻尼的因素,結合柔性多體動力學理論建立了風力發(fā)電機傳動系統(tǒng)的數學模型。分析齒輪箱內外部激勵的產生機理和計算方法,并且將方程組簡化成統(tǒng)一的矩陣形式。其次,建立軸承運動學模型和磨損數值仿真模型,考慮油膜厚度因素優(yōu)化接觸半寬參數,實例求解風力機軸承磨損量的大小,發(fā)現(xiàn)軸承的外圈磨損最為嚴重。最后,考慮了軸承間隙和齒輪齒測間隙的因素影響,建立了復合間隙下風力機齒輪箱傳動系統(tǒng)數學模型,運用Simulink系統(tǒng)模塊分析計算了齒輪箱傳動系統(tǒng)各部件的振動位移,并且比較了各部件的動態(tài)特性,對比了有無間隙時的傳動系統(tǒng)中速軸齒輪和軸承的振動位移差別。發(fā)現(xiàn)在同一振動方向上,齒輪的振動幅值大于軸承的振動幅值,各部件都有自己的固有振動頻率,無間隙的振動幅值小于有間隙的振動幅值。所得結論對于風力發(fā)電機傳動系統(tǒng)動態(tài)特性的設計提供了一定的參考。
[Abstract]:Due to the rapid development of the global economy, non-renewable resources such as oil, coal and so on are gradually depleted. Wind energy, as a renewable resource, can to some extent meet the energy demand of our country. As a result, wind turbines are getting more and more attention from the energy sector. As the power of the wind turbine becomes more and more powerful, the tower becomes higher and higher, the flexibility of the wind turbine becomes more and more obvious, and the cost of detecting and maintaining the wind turbine is becoming more and more expensive. Wind turbines must be operated safely for a long time without fault. As a key component, the bearing frequently occurs in the gearbox transmission system, and its structural characteristics seriously affect the dynamic characteristics of the gearbox transmission system. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the dynamic characteristics of wind turbine transmission system under flexible support. This paper takes the gearbox transmission system of wind turbine with composite clearance as the research object, and studies the dynamic characteristics of the wind turbine transmission system under flexible support. The main research methods and conclusions are as follows: firstly, the factors of bearing stiffness and damping are considered. The mathematical model of wind turbine transmission system is established based on flexible multi-body dynamics theory. The generation mechanism and calculation method of the internal and external excitations in the gearbox are analyzed, and the equations are simplified into a unified matrix form. Secondly, the bearing kinematics model and wear numerical simulation model are established. Considering the oil film thickness factor, the contact half-width parameter is optimized, and the magnitude of bearing wear is solved by an example. It is found that the outer ring wear of the bearing is the most serious. Finally, considering the influence of bearing clearance and gear-tooth measuring clearance, the mathematical model of gearbox transmission system of wind turbine under composite clearance is established, and the vibration displacement of various parts of gearbox transmission system is analyzed and calculated by using Simulink system module. The dynamic characteristics of each component are compared, and the difference of vibration displacement between gear and bearing in transmission system with or without clearance is compared. It is found that in the same vibration direction, the vibration amplitude of the gear is larger than that of the bearing, and each component has its own natural vibration frequency, and the vibration amplitude without clearance is smaller than the vibration amplitude with clearance. The conclusion provides a reference for the design of the dynamic characteristics of the wind turbine transmission system.
【學位授予單位】：太原科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM315

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