【摘要】：隨著電網(wǎng)規(guī)模的日趨擴(kuò)大,以及在大型發(fā)電機(jī)組中采用具有較高放大倍數(shù)的快速勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng),經(jīng)常會(huì)在電力系統(tǒng)中產(chǎn)生低頻振蕩,通常使系統(tǒng)的阻尼有較大的削弱,對(duì)電力系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)穩(wěn)定性產(chǎn)生了很大的影響,因此,低頻振蕩已經(jīng)成了嚴(yán)重制約電力系統(tǒng)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的重要因素。在勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)中加裝PSS(Power system stabilizer,電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定器)作為一種附加裝置是為了抑制低頻振蕩而廣泛使用的措施。PSS被用來(lái)控制發(fā)電機(jī)的勵(lì)磁以改善局部模式振蕩的阻尼,研究證明,通過(guò)對(duì)PSS參數(shù)的合理地整定,能使局部和區(qū)間這兩種模式振蕩的阻尼得到改善。然而,由于在多機(jī)系統(tǒng)中會(huì)產(chǎn)生PSS的負(fù)阻尼效應(yīng),所以在多機(jī)系統(tǒng)中,PSS參數(shù)的配置是一個(gè)多參數(shù)的協(xié)調(diào)優(yōu)化問(wèn)題。為了抑制故障發(fā)生時(shí),在多機(jī)電力系統(tǒng)中的低頻振蕩,在分析了目前優(yōu)化PSS參數(shù)常用算法所存在不足的基礎(chǔ)上,文中提出了一種協(xié)調(diào)優(yōu)化PSS參數(shù)的IBA算法(Improved Bat Algorithm,改進(jìn)的蝙蝠算法)。BA算法(Bat Algorithm,蝙蝠算法)是將全局搜索與局部搜索相結(jié)合的新型智能優(yōu)化算法,它通過(guò)對(duì)蝙蝠的回聲定位行為進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)化處理,有較高的精度和效率,已經(jīng)被應(yīng)用到求解各種復(fù)雜函數(shù),多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化中,而且在許多工程問(wèn)題上也得到了應(yīng)用。并且對(duì)目前低頻振蕩的分析方法進(jìn)行比較分析,確定了一種Prony算法,并運(yùn)用算例進(jìn)行仿真,驗(yàn)證其所采用方法在低頻振蕩分析中的有效性。因此,文中首先采用Prony算法辨識(shí)系統(tǒng)低頻振蕩的機(jī)電模式,計(jì)算出衡量系統(tǒng)整體阻尼性能的指標(biāo),而且此優(yōu)化的目的是使系統(tǒng)阻尼比最大化,其次,采用IBA算法協(xié)調(diào)優(yōu)化PSS參數(shù),最后,通過(guò)單機(jī)無(wú)窮大系統(tǒng)和四機(jī)兩區(qū)域系統(tǒng)算例證明了該算法的合理性。結(jié)果表明:IBA算法可以有效的適用于多種運(yùn)行方式下的阻尼控制器參數(shù)優(yōu)化,且具有良好的魯棒性,可以有效地抑制低頻振蕩。此外,通過(guò)比較多機(jī)電力系統(tǒng)基于IBA算法、PSO算法和基本BA算法的PSS參數(shù)優(yōu)化結(jié)果,可知基于IBA算法設(shè)計(jì)的PSS在抑制低頻振蕩方面具有最佳的效果,顯著地提高了電力系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性,且該算法克服了基本BA算法容易陷入局部最優(yōu)、后期收斂速度慢等缺點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:With the increasing expansion of power network scale and the use of fast excitation system with high magnification in large generator sets, low frequency oscillation is often produced in power system, which usually weakens the damping of the system. It has a great influence on the dynamic stability of power system. Therefore, low frequency oscillation has become an important factor restricting the further development of power system. As an additional device, PSS (Power system stabilizer, is widely used to suppress low frequency oscillation. PSS is used to control the excitation of generator to improve the damping of local mode oscillation. It is proved that the damping of local and interval oscillations can be improved by reasonable tuning of PSS parameters. However, because of the negative damping effect of PSS in multi-machine systems, the configuration of PSS parameters is a multi-parameter coordination optimization problem in multi-machine systems. In order to suppress the low frequency oscillation in the multi-machine power system when the fault occurs, this paper presents a IBA algorithm (Improved Bat Algorithm, which harmonizes the optimization of PSS parameters, based on the analysis of the shortcomings of the current common algorithms for optimizing PSS parameters. The improved bat algorithm). BA (Bat Algorithm, bat algorithm) is a new intelligent optimization algorithm which combines global search with local search. It has high precision and efficiency through mathematical processing of the echolocation behavior of bats. It has been applied to solve various complex functions and multi-objective optimization, and has also been applied to many engineering problems. By comparing and analyzing the current analysis methods of low frequency oscillation, a kind of Prony algorithm is determined, and a simulation example is used to verify the validity of the method used in the analysis of low frequency oscillation. Therefore, Prony algorithm is used to identify the electromechanical mode of the low frequency oscillation of the system, and the index to measure the damping performance of the system is calculated, and the purpose of this optimization is to maximize the damping ratio of the system. The IBA algorithm is used to coordinate and optimize the PSS parameters. Finally, the rationality of the algorithm is proved by the examples of single-machine infinite bus system and four-machine two-region system. The results show that the IBA algorithm can be applied to the parameter optimization of damping controller under various operation modes, and has good robustness, and can effectively suppress the low frequency oscillation. In addition, by comparing the optimization results of PSS parameters based on IBA algorithm, PSO algorithm and basic BA algorithm in multi-machine power system, we can see that the PSS based on IBA algorithm has the best effect in suppressing low frequency oscillation. The stability of power system is improved significantly and the algorithm overcomes the shortcomings of the basic BA algorithm which is easy to fall into local optimum and slow in the later stage of convergence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM712

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本文編號(hào)：2370305