【摘要】：逆變器是太陽能發(fā)電的重要構(gòu)成部分,其主要作用是將太陽能電池中不穩(wěn)定的直流電轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槿嘟涣麟?從而實(shí)現(xiàn)并網(wǎng)發(fā)電,因此保證高質(zhì)量的輸出電壓和輸出頻率,降低諧波將會(huì)是逆變器的主要研究方向。而逆變器中開關(guān)數(shù)目眾多,結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,因此也是太陽能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中最容易損耗電能,造成發(fā)電效率低,成本投入大的部件。因此,對(duì)于逆變器的研究尤為重要。首先,論文介紹了光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀以及現(xiàn)代逆變器的發(fā)展及研究現(xiàn)狀,著重強(qiáng)調(diào)了研究多電平逆變器的重要性。多電平逆變器越來越受到工業(yè)和軍方的關(guān)注。低電壓可以通過級(jí)聯(lián)的H橋、箝位式或者混合類型的多電平逆變器來驅(qū)使中高低的電平。由于多電平逆變器電平數(shù)量的增加,總的諧波失真也隨之減小。多電平逆變器也對(duì)于保護(hù)環(huán)境起到了不可磨滅的作用。其次,論文對(duì)現(xiàn)有的三電平逆變器的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)和調(diào)制技術(shù)做了詳細(xì)的闡述�，F(xiàn)有的逆變器的結(jié)構(gòu)主要包含二極管箝位式三電平逆變器和級(jí)聯(lián)式多電平逆變器,分析了這幾種逆變器的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)、工作原理及其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。以NPC三電平逆變器為例,介紹了三角載波層疊法、三次諧波注入正弦PWM和次優(yōu)調(diào)制、不連續(xù)PWM調(diào)制、上平頂波調(diào)制和下平頂波調(diào)制、對(duì)稱平頂波調(diào)制、消除特定諧波法及空間矢量法的調(diào)制原理。然后,提出了一種新型的雙電源非對(duì)稱三電平逆變器拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)的前級(jí)采用雙電源雙Buck降壓變換器為后級(jí)逆變橋路提供四路電平,后級(jí)三相逆變橋包含四路開關(guān)橋臂。詳細(xì)分析了前級(jí)雙Buck變換器的工作原理以及后級(jí)三相逆變橋的四種工作狀態(tài)。并將對(duì)稱平頂波調(diào)制、1/4三次諧波注入、空間矢量調(diào)制應(yīng)用到該非對(duì)稱結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)中。分析了采用對(duì)稱平頂波和1/4三次諧波注入調(diào)制時(shí)開關(guān)管的開關(guān)動(dòng)作的產(chǎn)生機(jī)制,詳細(xì)介紹了在NPC三電平逆變器基礎(chǔ)上的空間矢量調(diào)制的每個(gè)步驟。并提出了一種新的調(diào)制策略-M相不動(dòng)調(diào)制。最后,在Matlab/Simulink環(huán)境中進(jìn)行仿真,分析了仿真結(jié)果,驗(yàn)證了雙電源非對(duì)稱三電平逆變器的可行性及調(diào)制策略的正確性。
[Abstract]:Inverter is an important component of solar power generation. Its main function is to convert the unstable direct current in solar cells into three-phase alternating current, so as to realize grid-connected power generation, so as to ensure high quality output voltage and output frequency. Harmonic reduction will be the main research direction of inverter. The inverter has a large number of switches and complex structure, so it is the most easy to lose electrical energy in the solar power system, resulting in low efficiency and large cost components. Therefore, the research of inverter is particularly important. Firstly, the status quo of photovoltaic industry and the development and research status of modern inverter are introduced, and the importance of studying multilevel inverter is emphasized. Multilevel inverter is attracting more and more attention from industry and military. Low voltage can be driven by cascaded H-bridge, clamped, or hybrid multilevel inverters. As the number of multilevel inverters increases, the total harmonic distortion decreases. Multilevel inverter also plays an indelible role in protecting the environment. Secondly, the topology and modulation technology of the three-level inverter are described in detail. The current structure of the inverter mainly includes diode clamped three-level inverter and cascaded multilevel inverter. The topology, working principle, advantages and disadvantages of these inverter are analyzed. Taking NPC three-level inverter as an example, the triangular carrier stacking method, third-harmonic injection sinusoidal PWM and sub-optimal modulation, discontinuous PWM modulation, upper flat-top wave modulation and lower flat-top wave modulation, symmetric flat-top wave modulation are introduced. The modulation principle of special harmonic method and space vector method is eliminated. Then, a novel topology of asymmetric three-level inverter with double power supply is proposed. The front stage of the structure uses dual power supply dual Buck step-down converter to provide four levels for the backstage inverter bridge, and the rear three-phase inverter bridge contains four switching arms. The working principle of the front-stage double Buck converter and the four working states of the rear-stage three-phase inverter bridge are analyzed in detail. The symmetric flat-top wave modulation, 1 / 4 third harmonic injection and space vector modulation are applied to the asymmetric structure. In this paper, the mechanism of switching operation of switching tube with symmetric flat-top wave and 1 / 4 third harmonic injection modulation is analyzed, and each step of space vector modulation based on NPC three-level inverter is introduced in detail. A new modulation strategy, M phase invariant modulation, is proposed. Finally, the simulation results in the Matlab/Simulink environment are analyzed, and the feasibility of the dual-power asymmetric three-level inverter and the correctness of the modulation strategy are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TM464

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