【摘要】：能源緊缺和工業(yè)負載多元化,促使電能變換技術向著高效節(jié)能的方向發(fā)展。變流器作為電能變換任務的主要承擔者,在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。然而從目前變流器的發(fā)展情況來看,傳統(tǒng)交-直-交變流器采用不可控整流或相控整流方式,使得變流器產(chǎn)生大量諧波電流,造成諧波污染。更重要的是其能量只能單向流動,回饋的電能不能再次輸送給電網(wǎng)造成能源浪費。因此如何解決這些問題成為電力電子電能變換領域一個熱點問題。由于背靠背變流器采用PWM可控整流方式具有四象限運行、網(wǎng)側(cè)電流連續(xù)正弦化、直流電壓可控和單位功率因數(shù)運行等優(yōu)勢,成為解決這些問題最有效的方法。然而從目前背靠背變流器工作性能來看,依舊存在高頻諧波電流和負載功率變化時直流電壓動態(tài)響應不足等問題,這就限制了背靠背變流器的工作性能以及效率的提高,所以對于上述問題的解決對變流器的發(fā)展及應用有著深遠的意義。本文以三相電壓型背靠背變流器作為對象進行了全面研究,在原理分析、數(shù)學建模等基礎上對變流器的控制系統(tǒng)進行設計,并且通過仿真和樣機實驗對所述方案的進行了驗證。其主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)分析變流器發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,總結變流器控制方法和應用領域。對變流器控制中所采用的不同算法進行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)目前背靠背變流器存在系統(tǒng)響應速度慢,負載變化時直流母線電壓波動大及對諧波電流控制不足等問題。(2)背靠背變流器工作原理分析及建模。通過對坐標變換方法的研究,分別在三相靜止坐標系、兩相靜止坐標系及兩相旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標系上建立變流器的數(shù)學模型,并且以三相異步電機為例對變流器負載的數(shù)學模型進行分析。(3)以數(shù)學模型為基礎,對變流器控制方法進行研究。分別對PWM整流和逆變幾種常用控制算法及控制參數(shù)的選取進行分析,并且對不同算法特點進行比較。在此基礎上,針對減小諧波電流、提高負載變化時響應速度和電能利用率這一關鍵問題將電流無差拍控制和有功功率反饋補償應用在變流器控制中。除此之外對基于雙二階廣義積分的軟件鎖相環(huán)技術和SVPWM技術進行了闡述。最后通過Matlab進行仿真及結果分析,驗證控制方法的可行性。(4)采用DSP作為主控制芯片,配合IGBT模塊構成的功率變換電路、驅(qū)動電路、信號調(diào)理電路等對變流器進行了軟硬件設計。軟件設計采用基于模型設計的方法進行代碼生成,使得程序編寫工作量大幅減小。最后通過實驗及結果分析驗證上述方案有效可行。通過對仿真及實驗結果的分析和比較,證明本系統(tǒng)在滿足背靠背變流器控制要求的同時,將電流無差拍控制、有功功率反饋補償?shù)姆椒☉糜谧兞髌骺刂浦?有效的減小了變流器的諧波污染,并且在負載變化時提高了直流側(cè)電壓穩(wěn)定性和系統(tǒng)響應速度,使得變流器電能利用率提升,工作性能更加優(yōu)異。
[Abstract]:The shortage of energy and the diversification of industrial load promote the development of energy conversion technology towards high efficiency and energy saving. As the main carrier of power conversion task, converter plays an irreplaceable role in industrial production. However, according to the development of the converter, the traditional AC-DC-AC converter adopts uncontrollable rectifier or phase-controlled rectifier, which makes the converter produce a large amount of harmonic current and cause harmonic pollution. What is more important is that the energy flow can only be unidirectional, and the feedback energy can not be transmitted to the power grid again resulting in energy waste. Therefore, how to solve these problems has become a hot issue in the field of power electronic power conversion. Because the PWM controlled rectifier has the advantages of four-quadrant operation, continuous sinusoidal current on the grid side, controllable DC voltage and unit power factor operation, it is the most effective method to solve these problems. However, from the point of view of the current performance of back-to-back converter, there are still some problems such as insufficient dynamic response of DC voltage when high frequency harmonic current and load power change, which limits the performance and efficiency of back-to-back converter. Therefore, the solution to the above problems is of great significance to the development and application of the converter. In this paper, the three-phase voltage-source back-to-back converter is studied in detail. The control system of the converter is designed on the basis of principle analysis and mathematical modeling, and the scheme is verified by simulation and prototype experiments. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the development of converter is analyzed, and the control methods and application fields of converter are summarized. By analyzing the different algorithms used in converter control, it is found that the system response speed is slow. The DC bus voltage fluctuates greatly and the harmonic current is not controlled enough when the load changes. (2) the working principle analysis and modeling of back-to-back converter. Through the research of coordinate transformation method, the mathematical models of converter are established in three-phase static coordinate system, two-phase static coordinate system and two-phase rotating coordinate system, respectively. And take the three-phase asynchronous motor as an example to analyze the mathematical model of the converter load. (3) based on the mathematical model, the control method of the converter is studied. Several common control algorithms and control parameters of PWM rectifier and inverter are analyzed, and the characteristics of different algorithms are compared. On this basis, the current deadbeat control and active power feedback compensation are applied to the converter control in order to reduce the harmonic current, improve the response speed and the power utilization ratio when the load changes. In addition, the software phase locked loop and SVPWM technology based on two-order generalized integral are discussed. Finally, the feasibility of the control method is verified by Matlab simulation and result analysis. (4) DSP is used as the main control chip, and the power conversion circuit and driving circuit are combined with the IGBT module. The signal conditioning circuit and so on have carried on the hardware and software design to the converter. The software design adopts the method of model design to generate code, which greatly reduces the workload of programming. Finally, the experiment and result analysis show that the scheme is effective and feasible. Through the analysis and comparison of the simulation and experimental results, it is proved that this system not only meets the control requirements of back-to-back converter, but also applies the method of current no-beat control and active power feedback compensation to the control of converter. The harmonic pollution of the converter is reduced effectively, and the DC voltage stability and the system response speed are improved when the load changes. The power utilization ratio of the converter is improved and the performance of the converter is improved.
【學位授予單位】：陜西科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM46

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