【摘要】：電能是一種既便于傳輸又方便使用的能源,現(xiàn)代生活離不開這種能源。由于我國農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展,個(gè)人用戶的用電器種類和數(shù)量都有了明顯的增加。農(nóng)村用電環(huán)境也變得復(fù)雜。為了減少農(nóng)村觸電事故的發(fā)生,實(shí)現(xiàn)漏電保護(hù)器在農(nóng)村得到重新安裝。本文結(jié)合現(xiàn)有檢測(cè)定位方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn),以農(nóng)村室內(nèi)漏電故障的特征為研究對(duì)象,建立了漏電故障仿真模型。提出了漏電故障檢測(cè)的方法,并對(duì)影響檢測(cè)的因素進(jìn)行分析,開展了漏電故障檢測(cè)定位實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。首先研究漏電故障對(duì)地等效負(fù)載的種類,結(jié)合實(shí)際考察采集數(shù)據(jù)在Multisim和PSCAD中建立了線性負(fù)載和非線性負(fù)載的仿真模型并計(jì)算出相關(guān)參數(shù),并與實(shí)際情況中的電流波形進(jìn)行對(duì)比得出模型的可行性。闡述了低壓配電網(wǎng)漏電故障的原理,并結(jié)合數(shù)學(xué)模型在PSCAD中建立仿真模型,得出幾種典型阻值下的漏電故障等效負(fù)載的電流特征,同時(shí)應(yīng)用傅里葉變換分析了非線性負(fù)載漏電故障波形特征。然后提出了適用于實(shí)際情況的漏電故障檢測(cè)方法—電磁法。對(duì)本文使用的檢測(cè)方法進(jìn)行原理說明。通過對(duì)載流直導(dǎo)線和其接頭處在空間某點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生磁場(chǎng)模型的分析,結(jié)合ANSOFT仿真軟件對(duì)其產(chǎn)生的磁場(chǎng)方向特征進(jìn)行計(jì)算。并對(duì)實(shí)際情況中可能對(duì)磁場(chǎng)檢測(cè)產(chǎn)生干擾的材料進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明,接頭處磁場(chǎng)方向并不是垂直于導(dǎo)線;在建筑材料中,理論上只有某些金屬材料會(huì)對(duì)檢測(cè)造成干擾。考慮到設(shè)備實(shí)際的使用環(huán)境,設(shè)計(jì)以磁阻傳感器為核心的漏電檢測(cè)定位設(shè)備,以及信號(hào)傳輸系統(tǒng)和數(shù)據(jù)顯示處理軟件程序。數(shù)據(jù)采集傳輸控制硬件主要包括:數(shù)據(jù)采集單元、信號(hào)發(fā)送接收單元、數(shù)據(jù)顯示處理單元等。以IAR Embedded Workbench Evaluation和Labview為軟件開發(fā)環(huán)境,設(shè)計(jì)完成主程序及各子程序,通過MATLAB對(duì)采集信號(hào)應(yīng)用小波包去噪等后續(xù)處理。建立了漏電故障檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),開展傳感器特性實(shí)驗(yàn)、檢測(cè)裝置抗干擾性實(shí)驗(yàn)、以及模擬漏電故障實(shí)驗(yàn)。驗(yàn)證了信號(hào)通信電路、上位機(jī)顯示部分在5m范圍內(nèi)通信信號(hào)良好、靈活和穩(wěn)定。通過模擬漏電實(shí)驗(yàn),檢測(cè)到了線路和漏電點(diǎn)的具體范圍,誤差范圍在1-3cm之間在可接受范圍內(nèi)。表明所設(shè)計(jì)的裝置有一定的實(shí)用性。
[Abstract]:Electric energy is a kind of energy which is easy to transmit and easy to use. With the rapid development of rural economy in China, the types and quantity of personal electrical appliances have increased obviously. The rural electricity environment has also become complex. In order to reduce the occurrence of rural electric shock accident, the leakage protector is reinstalled in the countryside. Based on the advantages of the existing detection and location methods, the simulation model of the leakage fault is established by taking the characteristics of the rural indoor leakage fault as the research object. The method of leakage fault detection is put forward, and the factors influencing the detection are analyzed, and the experimental research on the location of leakage fault detection is carried out. First of all, the type of equivalent load of leakage fault to ground is studied. The simulation model of linear load and nonlinear load is established in Multisim and PSCAD, and the relevant parameters are calculated. Compared with the actual current waveform, the feasibility of the model is obtained. This paper expounds the principle of leakage fault in low voltage distribution network and establishes the simulation model in PSCAD combined with mathematical model. The current characteristics of equivalent load of leakage fault under several typical resistance values are obtained. At the same time, the waveform characteristics of nonlinear load leakage fault are analyzed by Fourier transform. Then the electromagnetic method, which is suitable for the detection of leakage fault, is put forward. The principle of the detection method used in this paper is explained. Based on the analysis of the magnetic field generation model at a certain point in space between the current carrying straight wire and its joint, the direction characteristics of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field are calculated by using the ANSOFT simulation software. The materials which may interfere with the magnetic field detection in the actual situation are analyzed. The results show that the magnetic field direction of the joint is not perpendicular to the conductors, and in theory only some metal materials interfere with the detection. Considering the actual application environment of the equipment, the leakage detection and positioning equipment with magnetoresistive sensor as the core is designed, as well as the signal transmission system and the software program of data display and processing. Data acquisition and transmission control hardware mainly includes: data acquisition unit, signal sending and receiving unit, data display processing unit and so on. With IAR Embedded Workbench Evaluation and Labview as the software development environment, the main program and each subroutine are designed and completed, and the wavelet packet denoising and other follow-up processing are applied to the collected signal through MATLAB. The experiment platform of leakage fault detection, the experiment of sensor characteristic, the anti-interference experiment of detecting device and the experiment of simulating leakage fault are established. The signal communication circuit is verified, and the display part of the upper computer is good, flexible and stable in the range of 5m. Through simulated leakage experiments, the specific range of line and leakage point is detected, and the error range is within the acceptable range between 1-3cm. It is shown that the designed device has certain practicability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM934.31

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