【摘要】：自從微網(wǎng)的概念誕生,因其具有的獨特性質(zhì),受到社會各界的極大關(guān)注。微電網(wǎng)是相對傳統(tǒng)大電網(wǎng)的一個概念,是指多個分布式電源及其相關(guān)負(fù)載按照一定的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。微網(wǎng)由風(fēng)力發(fā)電、光伏發(fā)電等分布式電源、儲能裝置、柴油發(fā)電機以及某一區(qū)域的負(fù)荷所組成。隨著微網(wǎng)的發(fā)展,衍伸而來的多微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)成為一種趨勢,對多微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化配置研究,具有極其重要的意義。同時,儲能裝置作為其中一項必不可少的模塊,其可以為用戶平滑負(fù)荷、提高供電可靠性、改善電能質(zhì)量的特性,使得研究儲能裝置在系統(tǒng)中的經(jīng)濟性運行同樣非常重要。首先,本文介紹了當(dāng)今世界微網(wǎng)、多微網(wǎng)以及蒙特卡洛算法的研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢,對多微網(wǎng)的經(jīng)濟研究進行了闡述。同時,對多微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的組成模塊以及各類電源的基本原理與數(shù)學(xué)模型作了詳細(xì)的描述和分析,為后續(xù)的研究奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。其次,闡述了蒙特卡洛方法和果蠅優(yōu)化算法的基本介紹和流程,考慮到蒙特卡洛方法模擬復(fù)雜實驗過程的簡便性以及果蠅優(yōu)化算法魯棒性強、計算效率高的特點。進而,本文將二者結(jié)合起來,綜合利用以上特性模擬儲能裝置在微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)中復(fù)雜的充放電過程以計算收益最大的問題。以儲能充放電特性為約束條件、儲能收益上限為目標(biāo)函數(shù),對其效益進行了分析和建模,使用現(xiàn)貨市場電力價格數(shù)據(jù)以及儲能裝置的各項參數(shù)計算得出多種儲能裝置的收益上限。同時分析了三種具有代表性的儲能裝置的運行策略和經(jīng)濟性,結(jié)果得出在并網(wǎng)運行狀態(tài)下鉛酸蓄電池所帶來的經(jīng)濟效益最大。再根據(jù)離網(wǎng)型微網(wǎng)特點以及儲能裝置自身特性,選擇出適合的儲能裝置用于接下來離網(wǎng)型多微網(wǎng)的經(jīng)濟效益研究工作。然后,介紹了對蒙特卡洛的改進方法,考慮到并行蒙特卡洛已在金融、工程技術(shù)領(lǐng)域?qū)τ谀M計算過程中的時間指標(biāo)具有優(yōu)化作用的特點。故本文將第三章使用的蒙特卡洛-果蠅混合算法進行并行化處理,以解決多微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)中各模塊優(yōu)化配置問題�；诳煽啃耘c經(jīng)濟性指標(biāo)建立多微網(wǎng)聯(lián)絡(luò)線功率控制的優(yōu)化模型,在已知發(fā)電和負(fù)荷預(yù)測值數(shù)據(jù)的情況下,使用并行蒙特卡洛-果蠅混合算法計算多微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)整體成本最小值,調(diào)節(jié)柴油發(fā)電機和聯(lián)絡(luò)線的容量以及控制儲能裝置的故障率將會使此系統(tǒng)更加平穩(wěn)的運行供電,并且獲得更大的收益以及最優(yōu)配置。最后,對本文工作進行了總結(jié)并對未來的研究進行展望。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of the concept of microgrid, because of its unique properties, it has received great attention from all walks of life. Microgrid is a concept in comparison with the traditional large power grid. It refers to a network composed of multiple distributed power sources and their related loads according to a certain topological structure. The microgrid consists of distributed power sources, such as wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, energy storage devices, diesel generators and loads in a certain area. With the development of microgrid, the extended multi-microgrid system has become a trend, and it is of great significance to study the optimal configuration of multi-microgrid system. At the same time, as one of the indispensable modules, the energy storage device can smooth the load, improve the reliability of power supply and improve the characteristics of power quality for users. So it is also very important to study the economical operation of energy storage device in the system. Firstly, this paper introduces the current situation and development trend of microgrid, multi-microgrid and Monte Carlo algorithm in the world, and expatiates on the economic research of multi-microgrid. At the same time, the composition module of multi-microgrid system and the basic principle and mathematical model of various kinds of power supply are described and analyzed in detail, which lays a theoretical foundation for further research. Secondly, the basic introduction and flow chart of Monte Carlo method and fruit fly optimization algorithm are introduced. Considering the simplicity of Monte Carlo method to simulate complex experimental process and the characteristics of fruit fly optimization algorithm with strong robustness and high computational efficiency. Furthermore, this paper combines the above characteristics to simulate the complex charge and discharge process of the energy storage device in the microgrid system to calculate the maximum profit. Taking the charge-discharge characteristic of energy storage as the constraint condition and the upper limit of energy storage income as the objective function, the benefits are analyzed and modeled. Using the spot market electricity price data and the parameters of the energy storage unit, the income upper limit of various energy storage devices is calculated. At the same time, the operation strategy and economy of three kinds of representative energy storage devices are analyzed. The results show that the economic benefits of lead-acid batteries are the greatest under the condition of grid-connected operation. According to the characteristics of the off-grid microgrid and the energy storage device, a suitable energy storage device is selected to study the economic benefits of the off-grid multi-microgrid. Then, the improved method of Monte Carlo is introduced. Considering that the parallel Monte Carlo has the characteristics of optimizing the time index in the field of finance and engineering. In this paper, the Monte Carlo-Drosophila hybrid algorithm used in Chapter 3 is parallelized to solve the problem of optimal allocation of modules in multi-microgrid systems. Based on reliability and economic indexes, an optimization model of multi-microgrid tie-line power control is established. When the data of power generation and load forecasting are known, the parallel Monte Carlo / Drosophila hybrid algorithm is used to calculate the overall minimum cost of the multi-microgrid system. Adjusting the capacity of diesel generator and tie line and controlling the failure rate of energy storage device will make the system run more smoothly and get more profit and optimal configuration. Finally, the work of this paper is summarized and the future research is prospected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM727

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