【摘要】：異步起動(dòng)永磁同步電機(jī)與感應(yīng)電機(jī)整體設(shè)計(jì)相似,永磁電機(jī)是在感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子上安裝永磁體,可以依靠轉(zhuǎn)子導(dǎo)條產(chǎn)生的異步轉(zhuǎn)矩實(shí)現(xiàn)自起動(dòng)。與感應(yīng)電機(jī)相比,異步起動(dòng)永磁同步電機(jī)具有高功率因素、高效率和寬的經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行范圍等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。相比于感應(yīng)電機(jī),異步起動(dòng)永磁同步電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體結(jié)構(gòu)多樣,因此永磁電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)種類(lèi)較多。永磁電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子磁路不對(duì)稱(chēng),導(dǎo)致傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)理論和分析方法已難以對(duì)永磁電機(jī)進(jìn)行有效的分析,因此需要運(yùn)用其他科學(xué)理論和計(jì)算機(jī)的輔助下完成電動(dòng)機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和磁路設(shè)計(jì)。但是,異步起動(dòng)永磁同步電機(jī)在實(shí)際應(yīng)用當(dāng)中仍存在一些問(wèn)題,這主要是由電機(jī)的齒槽轉(zhuǎn)矩和轉(zhuǎn)子磁路不對(duì)稱(chēng)造成的。本文主要從以下三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行研究,其主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:1.分析了異步起動(dòng)永磁同步電機(jī)工作機(jī)理,主要包括了永磁電機(jī)的起動(dòng)特性、功率特性、轉(zhuǎn)矩特性、功角特性和齒槽轉(zhuǎn)矩等,并分析了影響永磁電機(jī)磁通、轉(zhuǎn)矩、功率因數(shù)和效率等的因素,為后續(xù)研究提供了理論依據(jù)。2.對(duì)5.5kW異步起動(dòng)永磁同步電機(jī)進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)和磁路設(shè)計(jì),其中結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)主要包括永磁電機(jī)的定轉(zhuǎn)子鐵心和齒槽、電樞繞組、槽數(shù)的配合、永磁體充磁方向長(zhǎng)度、永磁體寬度以及永磁材料的選擇等;磁路設(shè)計(jì)主要包括空載漏磁系數(shù)0?、氣隙系數(shù)K?和計(jì)算極弧系數(shù)i?的計(jì)算等;3.以永磁體用量最少為目的,利用Ansoft仿真軟件對(duì)異步起動(dòng)永磁同步電機(jī)進(jìn)行建模。首先分析了永磁體結(jié)構(gòu)分別為W、U和V型的永磁電機(jī)空載運(yùn)行時(shí),根據(jù)永磁電機(jī)的磁力線分布、氣隙磁密、漏磁系數(shù)和齒槽轉(zhuǎn)矩等變化特點(diǎn),從而選擇了W和U型永磁電機(jī);其次根據(jù)電機(jī)空載運(yùn)行的分析,對(duì)選擇的W和U型的永磁電機(jī),進(jìn)一步分析對(duì)比了它們空載起動(dòng)和負(fù)載起動(dòng)特性,最終選擇了W型結(jié)構(gòu)永磁電機(jī);最后改變W型永磁電機(jī)永磁體的尺寸,以永磁體用量最少為優(yōu)化目標(biāo),進(jìn)行仿真對(duì)比得到最終結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:The asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor is similar to the induction motor. The permanent magnet motor is installed on the rotor of the induction motor and can be self-started by the asynchronous torque generated by the rotor guide bar. Compared with induction motor, asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has the advantages of high power factor, high efficiency and wide economic operation range. Compared with induction motor, asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has a variety of rotor permanent magnet structures, so there are many kinds of PMSM structures. Because of the asymmetry of rotor magnetic circuit of permanent magnet motor, it is difficult for the traditional design theory and analysis method to carry on the effective analysis to the permanent magnet motor. Therefore, it is necessary to use other scientific theories and computer aided to complete the structure design and magnetic circuit design of the motor. However, there are still some problems in the practical application of asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, which is mainly caused by the slot torque of the motor and the asymmetry of the rotor magnetic circuit. This paper mainly carries on the research from the following three aspects, its main research content is as follows: 1. The working mechanism of asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is analyzed, including the starting characteristic, power characteristic, torque characteristic, power-angle characteristic and grooving torque of PMSM, and the influence on flux and torque of PMSM is analyzed. The factors of power factor and efficiency provide theoretical basis for further research. 2. The structure and magnetic circuit of 5.5kW asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor are designed. The structure design mainly includes stator and rotor core and tooth slot of permanent magnet motor, armature winding, coordination of slot number, length of magnetizing direction of permanent magnet. The width of permanent magnet and the selection of permanent magnet materials; Magnetic circuit design mainly includes no-load flux leakage coefficient 0, air gap coefficient K? And calculate the polar arc coefficient I? Calculation, etc. In order to minimize the amount of permanent magnet, the Ansoft simulation software is used to model the asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). In this paper, we first analyze the characteristics of permanent magnet motor with WU and V type in no-load operation, according to the characteristics of magnetic force line distribution, air gap magnetic density, flux leakage coefficient and slot torque of permanent magnet motor, so W and U permanent magnet motor are selected. Secondly, according to the analysis of the no-load operation of the motor, the characteristics of no-load starting and load starting of the W and U type permanent magnet motors are further analyzed and compared. Finally, the W structure permanent magnet motor is selected. Finally, the size of the permanent magnet of the W type permanent magnet motor is changed, and the final result is obtained by comparing the size of the permanent magnet with the minimum amount of the permanent magnet.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM341

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