【摘要】：2000年以后,新一代太陽能電池迅速崛起。其中鈣鈦礦太陽能電池成為了新能源研究領(lǐng)域的新秀,其能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率自出現(xiàn)至今,已由3.8%提升到22.1%,完成了其它太陽能電池幾十年的飛躍,但是其還有很大的提升空間。所以,鈣鈦礦太陽能電池能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率的提升仍是光伏研究領(lǐng)域的重大課題。本文首先從相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)出發(fā),在前人的工作基礎(chǔ)上制備基礎(chǔ)的鈣鈦礦太陽能電池,為其優(yōu)化提供一個(gè)平臺;其次本文引入陰極緩沖層對鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的界面工程進(jìn)行了改善,進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)對其優(yōu)化,并從直觀物理角度分析了其優(yōu)化機(jī)理;最后本文通過混合溶劑和退火方式的改變來改善PbI_2薄膜質(zhì)量,進(jìn)而優(yōu)化鈣鈦礦晶體質(zhì)量,提升器件性能。在第二章中,以ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH_3NH_3PbI_3/PCBM/Ag的電池結(jié)構(gòu),采取改良的二步旋涂法制備鈣鈦礦活性層。成功的制備出了基礎(chǔ)的鈣鈦礦太陽能電池,其能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率PCE達(dá)到了9.97%、開路電壓Voc為0.97e V、短路電流密度Jsc為17.91m A·cm~2、填充因子FF為57.41%。在第三章中,引入不同厚度的Bphen作為陰極緩沖層,從直觀物理角度分析其對鈣鈦礦太陽能電池光電性能的影響,電池結(jié)構(gòu)為ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH_3NH_3PbI_3/PCBM/Bphen/Ag。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)陰極緩沖層的插入改善了鈣鈦礦活性層的表面形態(tài),與陰極形成良好的歐姆接觸,優(yōu)化了器件的光伏特性。當(dāng)Bphen厚度為10nm時(shí),其開路電壓Voc為0.96e V、短路電流密度Jsc為21.92m A/cm~2、填充因子FF為66.24%、能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率PCE為13.91%。與未插入陰極緩沖層的光伏器件效率9.97%相比,提高了近40%。在第四章中,引入DMF與DMSO不同比例的混合溶劑改變PbI_2結(jié)晶速率,來分析其對鈦礦太陽能電池光電性能的影響。由于DMSO分子與PbI_2分子有較好的配位作用,在相對程度上可以抑制PbI_2析出結(jié)晶,當(dāng)旋涂完CH_3NH_3I溶液后,可以形成PbI_2-DMSO-CH_3NH_3I中間相,進(jìn)而增強(qiáng)PbI_2與CH_3NH_3I的相對反應(yīng)程度,從而提升鈣鈦礦晶體質(zhì)量。最終發(fā)現(xiàn),在DMF中摻入適量的DMSO有助于優(yōu)化鈣鈦礦晶體質(zhì)量。再有,本文為了進(jìn)一步降低PbI_2結(jié)晶速率,提升鈣鈦礦晶體質(zhì)量,將旋涂完不同比例混合溶劑的PbI_2溶液后退火條件改為靜置在氮?dú)猸h(huán)境。并研究其使鈦礦太陽能電池光電特性的變化。結(jié)果表明,靜置條件下增強(qiáng)了對PbI_2結(jié)晶的抑制作用,優(yōu)化了PbI_2薄膜,促進(jìn)了鈣鈦礦晶體質(zhì)量的提高。在靜置條件下,DMSO混合比例為40%時(shí),器件的光電特性最佳,此時(shí)短路電流密度(Jsc)提升到20.23 m A/cm~2、能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率(PCE)達(dá)到了13.23%。相對于基礎(chǔ)器件效率9.43%,效率提高超過了40%。
[Abstract]:After 2000, a new generation of solar cells rose rapidly. Among them, perovskite solar cell has become a new star in the field of new energy research. Its energy conversion efficiency has been raised from 3.8% to 22.1D since its emergence, which has completed the leap of other solar cells for decades. But there is still a lot of room for improvement. Therefore, the improvement of energy conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells is still an important subject in the field of photovoltaic research. In this paper, the perovskite solar cells are prepared on the basis of the previous work, which provides a platform for the optimization of perovskite solar cells. Secondly, the cathode buffer layer is introduced to improve the interface engineering of perovskite solar cells, and the optimization mechanism is analyzed from the perspective of intuitionistic physics. Finally, the quality of PbI_2 thin film is improved by changing the mixed solvent and annealing mode, and then the perovskite crystal quality is optimized and the device performance is improved. In the second chapter, perovskite active layer was prepared by modified two-step spin-coating method using ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH_3NH_3PbI_3/PCBM/Ag structure. The basic perovskite solar cells were successfully fabricated. The energy conversion efficiency (PCE) reached 9.97e, the open circuit voltage (Voc) was 0.97e V, and the short-circuit current density (Jsc) was 17.91m A cm~2, filling factor (FF). In chapter 3, Bphen with different thickness is introduced as cathode buffer layer, and its effect on photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells is analyzed from the point of view of intuitionistic physics. The structure of the cell is ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH_3NH_3PbI_3/PCBM/Bphen/Ag.. It is found that the insertion of the cathode buffer layer improves the surface morphology of the perovskite active layer and forms a good ohmic contact with the cathode. The photovoltaic characteristics of the device are optimized. When the thickness of Bphen is 10nm, the open-circuit voltage Voc is 0.96e V, the short-circuit current density Jsc is 21.92m A / cm ~ 2, the filling factor FF is 66.24 and the energy conversion efficiency PCE is 13.91. Compared with the photovoltaic device without the cathode buffer layer, the efficiency of the photovoltaic device is increased by nearly 40%. In chapter 4, the effect of DMF and DMSO on the photovoltaic properties of titania solar cells is analyzed by introducing the mixed solvent of DMF and DMSO to change the crystallization rate of PbI_2. Because of the good coordination between DMSO molecule and PbI_2 molecule, the crystallization of PbI_2 can be inhibited to a relative extent. When the solution of CH_3NH_3I is spin-coated, the mesophase of PbI_2-DMSO-CH_3NH_3I can be formed. The relative reaction between PbI_2 and CH_3NH_3I is enhanced, and the quality of perovskite crystal is improved. Finally, it is found that adding proper amount of DMSO into DMF is helpful to optimize the quality of perovskite crystal. Furthermore, in order to further reduce the crystallization rate of PbI_2 and improve the quality of perovskite crystals, the annealing conditions of PbI_2 solution with different proportion of mixed solvents were changed to static in nitrogen environment. The change of photovoltaic characteristics of titania solar cells was studied. The results show that the inhibition of PbI_2 crystallization is enhanced, the PbI_2 film is optimized and the quality of perovskite crystal is improved under static condition. Under static conditions, when the mixing ratio of DMSO is 40, the optoelectronic characteristics of the device are the best, and the short-circuit current density (Jsc) is increased to 20.23 Ma / cm ~ (-2), and the energy conversion efficiency (PCE) is 13.23%. Relative to the efficiency of the basic device 9.43, the efficiency increase by more than 40.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM914.4

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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