【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的迅猛發(fā)展,電纜作為一種重要的傳輸介質(zhì),在航空航天、高鐵和船舶等大型運(yùn)載工具中使用頻繁。由于電纜往往容易受到來(lái)自外力的損壞、惡劣環(huán)境下的化學(xué)腐蝕和自身的絕緣老化等影響,電纜故障難以避免。如何能夠提高電纜運(yùn)行的可靠性,是當(dāng)前電纜領(lǐng)域的一項(xiàng)重要研究課題。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)電纜故障在線(xiàn)檢測(cè)和同時(shí)檢測(cè)捆綁成束的電纜或多芯電纜不同支路上的故障,對(duì)噪聲信號(hào)應(yīng)用到電纜故障檢測(cè)方面進(jìn)行了嘗試。本論文通過(guò)運(yùn)用噪聲信號(hào)作為探測(cè)信號(hào)來(lái)對(duì)電纜故障進(jìn)行檢測(cè),主要研究?jī)?nèi)容有以下幾個(gè)方面:1.闡述了電纜的應(yīng)用范圍以及電纜故障產(chǎn)生的原因和類(lèi)型,并總結(jié)了常用電纜故障檢測(cè)方法,通過(guò)分析比較這些方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),提出了利用噪聲信號(hào)作為探測(cè)信號(hào)來(lái)檢測(cè)電纜故障。2.分析了基于噪聲時(shí)域反射測(cè)量電纜故障的理論基礎(chǔ)。利用噪聲信號(hào)作為測(cè)試信號(hào),只要其具有類(lèi)似于δ型函數(shù)相關(guān)特性,可實(shí)現(xiàn)電纜故障的在線(xiàn)檢測(cè)。3.運(yùn)用噪聲電路中工作在反偏狀態(tài)下的硅穩(wěn)壓二極管輸出的噪聲信號(hào)作為探測(cè)信號(hào),對(duì)同軸電纜進(jìn)行斷路、短路和阻抗失配等故障檢測(cè)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,最遠(yuǎn)探測(cè)距離為2000m;在600m的探測(cè)范圍內(nèi),相對(duì)誤差在2.5%附近,在2000m的探測(cè)范圍內(nèi),相對(duì)誤差局限在5.6%。同時(shí)構(gòu)建了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)字通信系統(tǒng),以此來(lái)對(duì)該系統(tǒng)中正在傳輸信號(hào)的電纜進(jìn)行在線(xiàn)檢測(cè)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果說(shuō)明,噪聲探測(cè)信號(hào)對(duì)通信系統(tǒng)引入的誤碼率小于5.82E-10。4.利用多路濾波后的放大自發(fā)輻射噪聲作為電纜束或者多芯電纜不同支路的探測(cè)信號(hào),可同時(shí)檢測(cè)不同支路上的電纜故障,且沒(méi)有相互干擾。對(duì)同軸電纜組成的電纜束進(jìn)行斷路、短路和阻抗失配等故障檢測(cè),實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,最遠(yuǎn)探測(cè)距離為720m;在50m的測(cè)量范圍內(nèi),相對(duì)誤差在0.8%附近;在700m的測(cè)量范圍內(nèi),相對(duì)誤差控制在2.6%以?xún)?nèi)。此外,實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證該方法可以實(shí)現(xiàn)電纜故障的在線(xiàn)檢測(cè)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and society, cable, as an important transmission medium, is frequently used in large carriers such as aerospace, high-speed rail and ships. Because cable is easily damaged by external force, chemical corrosion in bad environment and insulation aging, it is difficult to avoid cable failure. How to improve the reliability of cable operation is an important research topic in cable field. In order to realize on-line detection of cable faults and simultaneous detection of faults in different branches of bundled cables or multi-core cables, the application of noise signals to cable fault detection is attempted. In this paper, the noise signal is used as the detection signal to detect the cable fault. The main research contents are as follows: 1. This paper expounds the application scope of cable, the causes and types of cable faults, summarizes the common cable fault detection methods, and analyzes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. In this paper, noise signal is used as detection signal to detect cable fault. The theoretical basis of measuring cable faults based on noise time domain reflection is analyzed. As long as the noise signal is used as the test signal, the on-line detection of cable faults can be realized as long as it has the characteristics similar to 未 type function. Using the noise signal from the silicon Zener diode working in the reverse bias state in the noise circuit as the detection signal, the fault detection of the coaxial cable such as open circuit, short circuit and impedance mismatch is carried out. The experimental results show that the maximum detection range is 2000m, the relative error is about 2.5% within the detection range of 600m, and the relative error is limited to 5.6m within the detection range of 2000m. At the same time, a simple digital communication system is constructed to detect the signal in the system. The experimental results show that the bit error rate introduced by the noise detection signal to the communication system is less than 5.82E-10.4. The amplified spontaneous emission noise after multichannel filtering can be used as the detection signal of cable bundles or different branches of multi-core cables, which can simultaneously detect the cable faults on different branches without interference with each other. The test results show that the farthest detection distance is 720m, and the relative error is about 0.8% in the range of 50m, the fault detection of the cable bundle composed of coaxial cable is carried out, such as breaking circuit, short circuit and impedance mismatch, and so on, the experimental results show that the maximum detection distance is 720m. In the range of 700m, the relative error is controlled within 2.6%. In addition, the experimental results show that the method can be used to detect cable faults on line.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM248.3

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