【摘要】：本選題主要研究300MW燃煤熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)機(jī)組高背壓循環(huán)水集中供熱改造技術(shù),以及對(duì)本案例由抽汽供熱改造為背壓供熱后機(jī)組運(yùn)行方式的選擇,并結(jié)合實(shí)例對(duì)比改造前后數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)機(jī)組進(jìn)行分析,得出改造后機(jī)組主要數(shù)據(jù)。背壓循環(huán)水供熱是通過(guò)改變低壓轉(zhuǎn)子結(jié)構(gòu),降低低壓缸做工能力,提高低壓缸排汽溫度,在凝汽器內(nèi)將熱網(wǎng)循環(huán)水加熱,熱網(wǎng)循環(huán)水就是凝汽器的冷卻水,充分利用凝汽式機(jī)組排汽的汽化潛熱加熱循環(huán)水,將冷源損失降低為零,從而提高機(jī)組的循環(huán)熱效率。采用該方法供熱是在不增加機(jī)組規(guī)模的前提下,通過(guò)改變汽輪機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu),提高本案例熱電廠的供熱能力。背壓式機(jī)組或高背壓循環(huán)水供熱機(jī)組與抽凝式機(jī)組相比,其供熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性根本的差異就在于背壓機(jī)組在供熱工況下運(yùn)行時(shí),其冷源損失全部被利用。同時(shí)由抽汽供熱改造為背壓供熱,投資相對(duì)較小,供熱能力提升明顯,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益顯著,因此在供熱企業(yè)中多有應(yīng)用。目前已經(jīng)有煙臺(tái)電廠,鄒縣電廠、青島熱電廠等已經(jīng)完成了改造。但300MW等級(jí)高背壓供熱改造案例目前只有華電青島熱電廠#2機(jī)組與呼和浩特金橋熱電廠#2機(jī)組。本文以呼和浩特金橋熱電廠#2機(jī)組高背壓供熱改造工程案例為模板,對(duì)機(jī)組高背壓改造從設(shè)計(jì)方案到正常運(yùn)行進(jìn)行全面的跟蹤,介紹凝汽式機(jī)組為滿足高背壓供熱所做的供熱負(fù)荷分析,低壓缸本體改造等一些在改造過(guò)程中必須解決的問(wèn)題。并供熱機(jī)組運(yùn)行情況進(jìn)行全面的觀察與分析,選取機(jī)組實(shí)際運(yùn)行中幾個(gè)遇到的典型工況進(jìn)行分析,評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)組的不同工況下運(yùn)行,計(jì)算改造投資回收周期,并確定最經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行調(diào)整方式,為今后熱電廠循環(huán)水高背壓改造提供實(shí)例改造方案參考和運(yùn)行調(diào)整經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:This topic mainly studies the 300MW coal-fired cogeneration unit high back pressure circulating water central heating transformation technology, as well as this case from the extraction heat supply transformation to the back pressure heating unit operation mode choice, and unifies the example comparison before and after transformation data, Analysis of the unit, the main data of the unit after the transformation. By changing the structure of the low pressure rotor, reducing the working ability of the low pressure cylinder, increasing the exhaust temperature of the low pressure cylinder, heating the circulating water of the hot net in the condenser, the circulating water of the heat network is the cooling water of the condenser. The circulating water can be heated by the latent heat of vaporization of condensing steam unit, and the loss of cold source will be reduced to zero, thus improving the cycle heat efficiency of the unit. This method is used to improve the heating capacity of the thermal power plant in this case by changing the steam turbine structure without increasing the unit size. Compared with the condensing unit, the fundamental difference of the backpressure unit or high backpressure circulating water heating unit is that when the backpressure unit operates under the heating condition, the loss of the cold source is fully utilized. At the same time, the steam extraction heating is transformed into backpressure heating, the investment is relatively small, the heating capacity is improved obviously, and the economic benefit is remarkable, so it is widely used in heating enterprises. At present, Yantai Power Plant, Zouxian Power Plant and Qingdao Thermal Power Plant have been renovated. However, at present, only the # 2 unit of Huadian Qingdao Thermal Power Plant and the # 2 Unit of Hohhot Jinqiao Thermal Power Plant are the only cases of 300MW grade high back pressure heating retrofit. In this paper, the high backpressure retrofit of unit # 2 of Hohhot Jinqiao Cogeneration Power Plant is taken as a template to track the retrofit of the unit from the design scheme to the normal operation. This paper introduces the heat supply load analysis of condensing steam unit to satisfy the high back pressure heating, and some problems that must be solved in the process of transformation, such as the transformation of the body of low pressure cylinder, and so on. The operation of the heating unit is observed and analyzed comprehensively, several typical operating conditions are selected to analyze the operation of the unit, the operation of the unit under different operating conditions is evaluated, and the investment recovery period of the retrofit is calculated. The most economical mode of operation adjustment is determined to provide practical reference and operation adjustment experience for the retrofit of circulating water with high back pressure in future thermal power plants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM621

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