【摘要】：煤炭、石油等非可再生能源的大量使用不僅帶來了大氣水土污染、資源枯竭自然的問題,傳統(tǒng)低效的能源利用方式也帶來相應(yīng)社會問題,為提高新能源的消納能力,微網(wǎng)技術(shù)得到了快速發(fā)展。但非線性負(fù)荷、并網(wǎng)變流器以及大電網(wǎng)滲透諧波作用導(dǎo)致微網(wǎng)的諧波污染日益嚴(yán)重。目前利用有源電力濾波器進(jìn)行諧波污染治理主要還是就地治理方式,但傳統(tǒng)“誰污染誰治理”的分散配置原則已經(jīng)不適用于目前復(fù)雜的多諧波源電力網(wǎng)絡(luò),對微網(wǎng)中有源電力濾波器的集中補償技術(shù)的研究勢在必行。本文首先分析了微網(wǎng)中光伏、風(fēng)力發(fā)電等分布式電源的諧波特性,闡述了電弧爐、電視機、節(jié)能燈、電梯等常見非線性負(fù)載諧波的輸出特性。在此基礎(chǔ)上,基于工程實例利用電力系統(tǒng)仿真軟件ETAP設(shè)計了仿真實驗,分析了交直流混合微網(wǎng)的諧波潮流,并得出諧波傳播擴散規(guī)律的若干結(jié)論;建立了微網(wǎng)中輸電線路、變壓器、線性負(fù)荷等電力元件和諧波源的物理模型,設(shè)計基于牛頓拉夫遜解耦算法的諧波潮流計算方法及流程圖。其次詳細(xì)闡述了微網(wǎng)中濾波器的配置問題,結(jié)合該問題“離散+連續(xù)”、多維非線性的特點,提出了隔離小生境技術(shù)改進(jìn)的粒子群算法,以改善標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粒子群算法易陷入局部最優(yōu)的弊端,并利用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測試函數(shù)對改進(jìn)算法的性能進(jìn)行測試。最后根據(jù)有源電力濾波器的工作原理,建立了以各節(jié)點總電壓諧波畸變率均方根最小為目標(biāo)函數(shù),以節(jié)點總諧波電壓畸變率、節(jié)點各次諧波電壓含量和裝置容量為約束條件的數(shù)學(xué)優(yōu)化模型。闡述了基于隔離小生境粒子群算法的有源電力濾波器優(yōu)化配置方法,包括粒子編碼設(shè)置、適應(yīng)度函數(shù)構(gòu)造和配置流程。采用了西門子Benchmark 0.4kV簡化微網(wǎng)算例模型對該優(yōu)化配置方法進(jìn)行驗證,結(jié)果顯示配置濾波器后微網(wǎng)中諧波含量大幅降低,符合相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
[Abstract]:The extensive use of non-renewable energy, such as coal and petroleum, not only brings about the problems of atmospheric water and soil pollution and natural depletion of resources, but also brings about corresponding social problems in traditional inefficient energy utilization methods, in order to improve the absorption capacity of new energy. Microgrid technology has been developed rapidly. However, nonlinear load, grid-connected converters and large power grid permeate harmonics lead to the increasingly serious harmonic pollution of microgrid. At present, the active power filter is mainly used for harmonic pollution control, but the traditional "who pollutes who governs" principle is no longer suitable for the complex multi-harmonic source power network. It is imperative to study the centralized compensation technology of active power filter in microgrid. In this paper, the harmonic characteristics of distributed power sources such as photovoltaic and wind power generation in microgrid are analyzed, and the output characteristics of common nonlinear load harmonics such as arc furnace, TV set, energy saving lamp, elevator and so on are described in this paper. On this basis, the simulation experiment is designed by using power system simulation software ETAP based on engineering example, the harmonic power flow of AC / DC hybrid microgrid is analyzed, and some conclusions of harmonic propagation and diffusion rule are obtained, and the transmission line in microgrid is established. Based on the physical model of transformer, linear load and harmonic source, the harmonic power flow calculation method and flow chart based on Newton Raphson decoupling algorithm are designed. Secondly, the problem of filter collocation in microgrid is described in detail. Considering the characteristics of discrete continuity and multi-dimensional nonlinearity, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on isolated niche technology is proposed. In order to improve the drawback of standard particle swarm optimization (Swarm Optimization), the performance of the improved PSO is tested by using the standard test function. Finally, according to the working principle of active power filter, the objective function is the minimum root mean square (RMS) of the total voltage harmonic distortion rate of each node, and the total harmonic voltage distortion rate of the node is taken as the objective function. The mathematical optimization model of node harmonic voltage content and device capacity is a constraint condition. The optimal collocation method of active power filter based on isolated niche particle swarm optimization algorithm is described, including particle coding setting, fitness function construction and configuration flow. The Siemens Benchmark 0.4kV simplified microgrid model is used to verify the optimal configuration. The results show that the harmonic content in the microgrid is greatly reduced after the filter is configured, which conforms to the relevant standards.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM761

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