【摘要】：近幾年來,環(huán)境污染問題變得越來越嚴(yán)重,逐漸成為最引人關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問題之一。而到目前國內(nèi)發(fā)電主體仍是火力發(fā)電廠,其中燃煤電廠又是主要的組成部分。在火力電廠的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的粉塵、氮氧化物等有害污染物,這些有害污染物是形成霧霾天氣的主要誘因,因此采取措施來減少火電廠的粉塵排放量,對各種設(shè)施進(jìn)行環(huán)保改造是迫切需要的。為了有效的降低火電廠排放物中粉塵的含量,對火電廠的電除塵器進(jìn)行改造是十分重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。目前,國內(nèi)越來越多的電廠逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到除塵器改造的重要性,特別是在國家發(fā)布《火電廠大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB13223-2011)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求后,由于多數(shù)火電廠的除塵器達(dá)不到最新要求,于是各個(gè)電廠更是將除塵器改造作為首先要解決的問題。如何選擇一種有效的、實(shí)用的能夠適合不同電廠環(huán)境的除塵器改造技術(shù),是首先要考慮的一個(gè)重要方面�；诖�,本文對火電廠電除塵改造項(xiàng)目的方案選擇進(jìn)行綜合評價(jià)研究。本文首先介紹了目前應(yīng)用較為廣泛的幾種除塵器技術(shù),剖析其發(fā)展歷程以及應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀,針對TC電廠某機(jī)組的實(shí)際情況以及系統(tǒng)問題,闡明了其進(jìn)行除塵器改造的必要性。根據(jù)該機(jī)組的實(shí)際狀況和現(xiàn)有可用技術(shù)的綜合分析,提出了三種不同的除塵器改造備選方案。結(jié)合該機(jī)組的實(shí)際特點(diǎn),依據(jù)指標(biāo)體系的構(gòu)建原則和方案選擇目標(biāo),從環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)等方面詳細(xì)分析了影響因素,建立了機(jī)組電除塵改造項(xiàng)目方案選擇的綜合評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系�；谌悄：龜�(shù)層次分析法構(gòu)建了項(xiàng)目方案選擇綜合評價(jià)模型。最后,運(yùn)用所建立的評價(jià)體系對三個(gè)除塵器改造備選方案進(jìn)行了綜合評價(jià),對不同的除塵改造方案在環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)等方面進(jìn)行對比,確定了TC電廠除塵器改造的最優(yōu)方案是常規(guī)五電場+濕式除塵器,并進(jìn)行了方案的實(shí)施效益分析,說明了評價(jià)體系的適用性。該方案實(shí)施后能夠使得電廠效益最大化,改造后電廠可以獲得除塵電價(jià)、超低排放電價(jià)等補(bǔ)貼,按照當(dāng)前標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來計(jì)算約3.3年即可收回投資成本。同時(shí)改造后的機(jī)組運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性高,除塵效果良好,每年減少的煙塵排放量將達(dá)到312t。由此說明,本論文建立的方案評價(jià)體系具有實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值,借此也可為其他同類的火力發(fā)電廠的除塵改造項(xiàng)目提供一定的理論依據(jù)以及方法參考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, environmental pollution has become more and more serious, gradually becoming one of the most attractive hot issues. At present, the main power generation in China is still thermal power plants, of which coal-fired power plants are the main component. In the operation of thermal power plants, a large number of harmful pollutants, such as dust, nitrogen oxides and other harmful pollutants, which are the main cause of the formation of haze weather, so take measures to reduce the dust emissions from thermal power plants. It is urgent to carry on the environmental protection transformation to each kind of facility. In order to effectively reduce the dust content in the emission from thermal power plant, it is very important to reform the electrostatic precipitator in thermal power plant. At present, more and more power plants in China are gradually realizing the importance of the retrofit of dust remover, especially after the national emission standard of atmospheric pollutant emission standard (GB13223-2011) has been issued, because most thermal power plants do not meet the latest requirements for dust remover, As a result, each power plant is the first to solve the problem of retrofitting the dust collector. How to select an effective and practical retrofit technology for dust collector in different power plant environments is an important aspect to be considered first. Based on this, this paper makes a comprehensive evaluation study on the scheme selection of electric dust removal project in thermal power plant. This paper first introduces several kinds of dust collector technologies which are widely used at present, analyzes their development history and application status, and expounds the necessity of retrofitting the dust collector in view of the actual situation and system problems of a unit in TC power plant. According to the actual situation of the unit and the comprehensive analysis of the available technology, three different schemes of retrofitting the dust collector are put forward. Combined with the actual characteristics of the unit, according to the construction principle of the index system and the selection target of the scheme, the influence factors are analyzed in detail from the aspects of environment, economy and technology, etc. A comprehensive evaluation index system is established for the selection of the project scheme of the electric dust removal retrofit project of the unit. Based on triangular fuzzy number analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a comprehensive evaluation model of project scheme selection is constructed. Finally, the evaluation system is used to comprehensively evaluate the three alternative schemes of dust collector transformation, and the environmental, economic and technical aspects of the different schemes are compared. It is determined that the best scheme for retrofitting the dust collector in TC power plant is the conventional five electric field wet precipitator. The benefit analysis of the scheme is carried out and the applicability of the evaluation system is explained. The scheme can maximize the benefit of the power plant, and the retrofit power plant can get subsidies such as dust-removing electricity price, ultra-low emission price and so on. According to the current standard, the investment cost can be recovered for about 3.3 years. At the same time, the unit has high operation stability and good dust removal effect, and the emission of smoke and dust will be reduced to 312t per year. It shows that the evaluation system established in this paper has practical application value and can also provide some theoretical basis and method reference for other similar thermal power plant dust removal and transformation projects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM621.73

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