【摘要】：現(xiàn)如今永磁(Permanent magnet,PM)電機(jī)已經(jīng)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用,從電動(dòng)汽車到航空航天等眾多領(lǐng)域,永磁電機(jī)都扮演著十分重要的角色。這主要得益于永磁電機(jī)的幾個(gè)顯著優(yōu)點(diǎn),包括高轉(zhuǎn)矩密度、高效率、出色的動(dòng)力性能以及重量體積小等。永磁電機(jī)采用高磁能積的磁性材料取代傳統(tǒng)的勵(lì)磁繞組,不僅消除了勵(lì)磁繞組帶來的負(fù)面影響,而且簡(jiǎn)化了電機(jī)的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu),使電機(jī)運(yùn)行可靠性提高,機(jī)械損耗也相應(yīng)的減小了。然而,雖然永磁電機(jī)擁有一系列的優(yōu)點(diǎn),但對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)矩要求苛刻的高性能應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合,如電動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)、伺服電機(jī)、風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)、速度和位置控制系統(tǒng)等仍然面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)。上述這些應(yīng)用都需要高質(zhì)量的轉(zhuǎn)矩輸出性能,即高平均轉(zhuǎn)矩和低轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng)。因此,如何提升平均轉(zhuǎn)矩和減小轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng)是本文的重點(diǎn)研究?jī)?nèi)容。在闡明了永磁電機(jī)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)影響電機(jī)輸出性能的各項(xiàng)因素進(jìn)行了分析,并對(duì)優(yōu)化電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩性能的諧波注削法進(jìn)行了深入的研究,提出了一種新的電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)方法來獲得最優(yōu)的轉(zhuǎn)矩輸出性能,為設(shè)計(jì)高平均轉(zhuǎn)矩和低轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng)的永磁電機(jī)提供了一種新的思路�；谝陨系难芯克悸�,本文的主要內(nèi)容分為以下方面:1.通過解析法分析了表貼式永磁(Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet,SPM)電機(jī)中氣隙磁密的產(chǎn)生原理,闡明了永磁體的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)與氣隙磁密分布的關(guān)系,為諧波注削法做出了理論解釋。2.詳細(xì)介紹了傳統(tǒng)正弦式、反余弦式、正弦加三次諧波和反余弦加三次諧波四種諧波注削法,并使用有限元(Finite Element,FE)分析方法,對(duì)電機(jī)的電磁性能的進(jìn)行了仿真驗(yàn)證。3.改進(jìn)了上述四種諧波注削法的注削公式,使其能夠廣泛應(yīng)用于永磁電機(jī)中的內(nèi)定子、內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)子、外定子和外定子。同時(shí),改進(jìn)后的公式不再受限于永磁電機(jī),傳統(tǒng)的直流無刷電機(jī)同樣可以采用此類方法,拓展了這類方法的應(yīng)用范圍。4.研究了只在定子或轉(zhuǎn)子一側(cè)進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)修形的單側(cè)注削,以及定轉(zhuǎn)子同時(shí)進(jìn)行修形的雙重注削。由于有四種不同的諧波注削法,因此雙重注削會(huì)產(chǎn)生八種不同拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的電機(jī)。在對(duì)這些電機(jī)進(jìn)行性能比較的基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)出了一些規(guī)律性的結(jié)論。5.在對(duì)SPM電機(jī)解析的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種新型的電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)方法:反饋式諧波設(shè)計(jì)(Feedback Function Design,FFD)。在這種方法中,引入了黑盒理論來指導(dǎo)電機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)。這種設(shè)計(jì)方法構(gòu)建了一個(gè)具有輸入?yún)?shù)、中間黑盒和輸出參數(shù)的系統(tǒng),通過調(diào)節(jié)輸入?yún)?shù)改變永磁體拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),從而獲得不同的性能輸出。只要輸入的數(shù)據(jù)庫足夠大,理所當(dāng)然的可以獲得目標(biāo)電機(jī)的最佳性能。6.基于反饋式諧波設(shè)計(jì)制造了一臺(tái)樣機(jī),構(gòu)建了實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),通過實(shí)際測(cè)試來驗(yàn)證理論分析。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, permanent magnet (Permanent) motors have been widely used in many fields, such as electric vehicles, aerospace and so on. This is mainly due to several outstanding advantages of permanent magnet motors, including high torque density, high efficiency, excellent dynamic performance and small weight and volume. The permanent magnet motor uses magnetic material with high magnetic energy product to replace the traditional excitation winding, which not only eliminates the negative influence of the excitation winding, but also simplifies the mechanical structure of the motor and improves the reliability of the motor operation. The mechanical loss is also reduced accordingly. However, although the permanent magnet motor has a series of advantages, there are still many challenges for the high performance applications with demanding torque, such as electric steering system, servo motor, wind turbine, speed and position control system and so on. These applications require high quality torque output performance, that is, high average torque and low torque ripple. Therefore, how to increase average torque and reduce torque ripple is the focus of this paper. On the basis of expounding the topology and working principle of permanent magnet motor, the factors influencing the output performance of permanent magnet motor are analyzed, and the harmonic injection method to optimize the torque performance of the motor is studied deeply. A new motor design method is proposed to obtain optimal torque output performance, which provides a new idea for the design of permanent magnet motor with high average torque and low torque ripple. Based on the above research ideas, the main content of this paper is divided into the following aspects: 1. The generation principle of air gap magnetic density in Surface-Mounted Permanent permanent magnet (Surface-Mounted Permanent) motor is analyzed by analytical method. The relationship between the topology structure of permanent magnet and the distribution of air gap magnetic density is clarified, and the theoretical explanation of harmonic injection method is given. Four kinds of harmonic injection methods, traditional sinusoidal, inverse cosine, sinusoidal plus third harmonic and inverse cosine plus third harmonic, are introduced in detail. The electromagnetic performance of the motor is verified by using the finite element method (Finite element FE). The four harmonic injection formulas mentioned above have been improved so that they can be widely used in the inner stator, inner rotor, outer stator and outer stator of permanent magnet motor. At the same time, the improved formula is no longer limited to the permanent magnet motor, the traditional brushless DC motor can also use this method, which extends the application range of this method. The single side injection of the stator or rotor and the double injection of the stator or rotor are studied. Because there are four different harmonic injection methods, eight different topologies can be generated by double injection. On the basis of comparing the performance of these motors, some regular conclusions. Based on the analysis of SPM motor, a new design method of motor is proposed: feedback harmonic design (Feedback Function design). In this method, the black box theory is introduced to guide the design of the motor. This design method constructs a system with input parameters, middle black box and output parameters. By adjusting the input parameters, the topology of permanent magnet is changed to obtain different performance outputs. As long as the input database is large enough, you can naturally get the target motor's best performance. 6. A prototype is designed and manufactured based on feedback harmonic, and the experimental platform is constructed, and the theoretical analysis is verified by practical test.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM351

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