【摘要】：二十一世紀(jì)以來,能源危機(jī)問題日趨明顯,并已經(jīng)成為限制世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和人類文明進(jìn)步的瓶頸性問題。為解決能源危機(jī)問題,世界各國致力于發(fā)展新能源和可再生能源技術(shù),該類技術(shù)也已經(jīng)成為新時(shí)代的技術(shù)導(dǎo)向。太陽能、水能、風(fēng)能、熱能、核能等可再生能源也已經(jīng)成功應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)和生活中。然而,生活中存在的的多種無規(guī)則的、無處不在的微小能量,如人體運(yùn)動(dòng)能、機(jī)械振動(dòng)能、傳統(tǒng)方式難以收集的微小風(fēng)能、水能等等,經(jīng)常被人們所忽略。因此,如何有效地進(jìn)行微小能源采集已成為近年來的研究熱點(diǎn)。近年來,微能源采集技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速�，F(xiàn)已形成四大類技術(shù)分支:振動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)電磁式微能源采集器、壓電式微能源采集器、靜電式振動(dòng)能量采集器、摩擦納米發(fā)電機(jī)。2012年,王中林院士課題組首次成功研制摩擦納米發(fā)電機(jī),這一重大發(fā)現(xiàn)開啟了微能源采集技術(shù)的新篇章。這種發(fā)電機(jī)基于摩擦起電和靜電感應(yīng),通過兩種不同極性的摩擦材料間的周期性摩擦來產(chǎn)生電力。通過幾年來學(xué)者們的深入研究和廣泛應(yīng)用,摩擦納米發(fā)電機(jī)已經(jīng)被證明為是一種采集微小能量的有效方式。現(xiàn)在,摩擦納米發(fā)電機(jī)主要分為三種:接觸分離式,滑動(dòng)摩擦式,單電極式。摩擦納米發(fā)電機(jī)可以收集日常生活中常見的人體運(yùn)動(dòng)能,機(jī)械振動(dòng)能,并轉(zhuǎn)換為電能,可為便攜式、可穿戴式電子產(chǎn)品供電。此外,便攜式、穿戴式電子設(shè)備正朝著集成化、人性化的方向發(fā)展。隨著材料科學(xué)、柔性電子和納米技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,具備生物兼容性、自供能的智能傳感器件應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。這就給應(yīng)用于人體運(yùn)動(dòng)能采集的摩擦納米發(fā)電機(jī)提出了新的要求。目前所開發(fā)的摩擦納米發(fā)電機(jī)主要依靠傳統(tǒng)的柔性較差且不可拉伸的電極材料,這極大限制了摩擦納米發(fā)電機(jī)的應(yīng)用范圍。因此,開發(fā)一種具備良好的柔性和導(dǎo)電性的電極材料來替代傳統(tǒng)電極,進(jìn)而進(jìn)一步開發(fā)出基于全柔性材料的新型摩擦納米發(fā)電機(jī)的需求迫切。本文中所制備的全柔性一體式摩擦納米發(fā)電機(jī)主要由可拉伸電極和硅膠構(gòu)成。其中,由硅膠聚合物和導(dǎo)電功能填料混煉制備而成的可拉伸電極具有良好的導(dǎo)電性、柔韌性和可拉伸性,而且其表面自帶有規(guī)則的微納結(jié)構(gòu)。利用硅膠制備出得摩擦負(fù)相極面磁療具有良好的介電性和可拉伸性。當(dāng)該摩擦納米發(fā)電機(jī)被拉伸、彎折、擠壓1000次以后,依然能夠穩(wěn)定工作。此外,本文還通過電學(xué)輸出性能測(cè)試進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了全柔性一體式摩擦納米發(fā)電機(jī)的工作原理。最后,作為實(shí)際應(yīng)用舉例,本文利用所制備的全柔性一體式摩擦納米發(fā)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)光二極管,并將其作為人體運(yùn)動(dòng)姿態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)傳感器,對(duì)人體運(yùn)動(dòng)姿態(tài)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)。
[Abstract]:Since 21 century, the problem of energy crisis has become more and more obvious, and has become the bottleneck of restricting the development of world economy and the progress of human civilization. In order to solve the problem of energy crisis, countries all over the world devote themselves to the development of new and renewable energy technologies, which have also become the technological direction of the new era. Solar, hydro, wind, thermal, nuclear and other renewable energy have been successfully used in production and life. However, the existence of a variety of irregular, ubiquitous tiny energy, such as human motion energy, mechanical vibration energy, the traditional way of collecting small wind energy, water energy and so on, is often ignored by people. Therefore, how to collect micro energy effectively has become a hot topic in recent years. In recent years, micro-energy acquisition technology has developed rapidly. There are now four broad branches of technology: Vibration-driven electromagnetic micro-energy collector, piezoelectric micro-energy collector, electrostatic vibration energy collector, friction nano-generator. Academician Wang Zhonglin successfully developed friction nano generator for the first time, which opens a new chapter in micro-energy acquisition technology. The generator generates electricity through periodic friction between two kinds of friction materials with different polarity based on friction and electrostatic induction. In recent years, friction nano-generator has been proved to be an effective way to collect small energy through deep research and wide application by scholars. At present, friction nano-generators are mainly divided into three types: contact separation type, sliding friction type, single electrode type. Friction nano-generator can collect the common energy of human body motion and mechanical vibration in daily life and convert it into electric energy. It can supply power for portable wearable electronic products. In addition, portable, wearable electronic devices are developing towards integration and humanization. With the rapid development of materials science, flexible electronics and nanotechnology, intelligent sensing devices with biocompatibility and energy supply have emerged. This puts forward a new requirement for the application of friction nano generator which can be used in human motion energy collection. At present, the friction nano-generator is mainly based on the traditional flexible and non-tensile electrode materials, which greatly limits the application of friction nano-generator. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a kind of electrode material with good flexibility and conductivity to replace the traditional electrode, and then to develop a new type of friction nano-generator based on fully flexible materials. In this paper, the fully flexible integrated friction nano generator is mainly composed of extensible electrode and silica gel. Among them, the extensible electrode prepared from silica gel polymer and conductive functional filler has good electrical conductivity, flexibility and extensibility, and its surface has its own regular micro-nano structure. The friction negative polar surface magnetic therapy prepared by silica gel has good dielectric and tensile properties. When the friction nano generator is stretched, bent, and extruded 1000 times, it can still work stably. In addition, the working principle of the fully flexible integrated friction nano generator is further verified by the electrical output performance test. Finally, as an example of practical application, the all-flexible all-in-one friction nano-generator is used to drive light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which is used as a human motion attitude monitoring sensor to monitor human motion attitude in real time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM31

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