【摘要】：2002年我國(guó)實(shí)行電力行業(yè)市場(chǎng)化改革,電力行業(yè)從此實(shí)現(xiàn)迅猛發(fā)展。至2013年,我國(guó)發(fā)電行業(yè)裝機(jī)容量已達(dá)12.57億千瓦,居世界之首；同時(shí)發(fā)電標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤耗和廠用電率也下降到301.6g/kwh和5.05%,降幅分別達(dá)15%和18%。電力市場(chǎng)化改革的成果顯而易見(jiàn),但是,有研究表明,我國(guó)發(fā)電行業(yè)的整體效率仍處于較低水平。此外,本文注意到發(fā)電設(shè)備年均利用小時(shí)數(shù)也是在不斷下降,這說(shuō)明我國(guó)發(fā)電行業(yè)存在設(shè)備閑置、生產(chǎn)不足的局面,這有可能影響我國(guó)發(fā)電行業(yè)技術(shù)效率水平。電力行業(yè)市場(chǎng)化改革已歷經(jīng)十多年的時(shí)間,我國(guó)發(fā)電行業(yè)的技術(shù)效率水平是高是低,發(fā)生了怎樣的變化,又有什么因素影響了發(fā)電行業(yè)技術(shù)效率,本文對(duì)此問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究。本文緒論部分對(duì)有關(guān)電力行業(yè)技術(shù)效率的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了回顧總結(jié),為本文的研究指明方向。第一章介紹了技術(shù)效率的概念及測(cè)算方法,并對(duì)這些方法進(jìn)行了比較分析；第二章介紹我國(guó)發(fā)電行業(yè)的改革歷程和現(xiàn)狀；第三章從理論上分析了所有權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)、企業(yè)規(guī)模、煤電價(jià)格和環(huán)境規(guī)制等外生因素對(duì)發(fā)電行業(yè)技術(shù)效率的影響。第四章使用隨機(jī)前沿方法對(duì)我國(guó)發(fā)電行業(yè)技術(shù)效率進(jìn)行測(cè)算并實(shí)證分析了第三章中的外生因素對(duì)技術(shù)效率的影響,得出以下結(jié)論：(1)我國(guó)發(fā)電行業(yè)技術(shù)效率在2003—2012年間整體上不斷上升,平均水平為0.81,還有很大的提升空間。(2)所有權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)技術(shù)效率有顯著的影響,國(guó)資比重越高,技術(shù)效率水平就越低。(3)企業(yè)規(guī)模與技術(shù)效率之間為倒U型關(guān)系。我國(guó)當(dāng)前發(fā)電企業(yè)平均規(guī)模偏小,擴(kuò)大企業(yè)規(guī)模有助于提升技術(shù)效率水平。(4)煤炭?jī)r(jià)格水平和電力價(jià)格水平對(duì)技術(shù)效率產(chǎn)生顯著的負(fù)向和正向影響,提高電價(jià)水平有助于技術(shù)效率的提升。(5)二氧化硫排放量與技術(shù)效率之間為倒U型關(guān)系。我國(guó)現(xiàn)在處于環(huán)境規(guī)制越強(qiáng),技術(shù)效率越高的階段。(6)燃料運(yùn)輸成本、廠用電率和技術(shù)效率之間存在顯著的負(fù)向關(guān)系。最后在第五章,本文依據(jù)實(shí)證分析結(jié)果提出了深化所有權(quán)改革、改革電價(jià)規(guī)制模式、提高企業(yè)規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)效率、加大環(huán)境規(guī)制力度等政策建議以增強(qiáng)我國(guó)發(fā)電行業(yè)技術(shù)效率。
[Abstract]:In 2002, our country carried out the market reform of electric power industry, and the electric power industry developed rapidly from then on. By 2013, the installed capacity of China's power generation industry had reached 1.257bn kilowatts, ranking first in the world. At the same time, the standard coal consumption of power generation and the rate of auxiliary power consumption had also dropped to 301.6g/kwh and 5.05 percent, down by 15 percent and 18 percent, respectively. The achievements of electric power marketization reform are obvious, however, some studies show that the overall efficiency of power generation industry is still at a low level. In addition, this paper notes that the number of annual utilization hours of power generation equipment is also declining, which indicates that there is a situation of idle equipment and insufficient production in power generation industry in China, which may affect the technical efficiency level of power generation industry in China. It has been more than ten years since the reform of electric power industry marketization. The technical efficiency level of power generation industry in China is high or low, what changes have taken place, and what factors have affected the technical efficiency of power generation industry, this paper studies this problem. The introduction part of this paper reviews and summarizes the domestic and foreign research literatures on the technical efficiency of power industry, and points out the direction of the research. The first chapter introduces the concept and measurement methods of technical efficiency, and makes a comparative analysis of these methods; the second chapter introduces the reform process and current situation of power generation industry in China; the third chapter theoretically analyzes the ownership structure, enterprise scale, The influence of exogenous factors such as coal price and environmental regulation on the technical efficiency of power generation industry. Chapter four uses stochastic frontier method to measure the technical efficiency of power generation industry in China and empirically analyzes the influence of exogenous factors on technical efficiency in chapter three. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the technical efficiency of power generation industry in China has been increasing continuously in 2003-2012, with an average level of 0.81, and there is still much room for improvement. (2) ownership structure has a significant impact on technical efficiency, and the proportion of state capital is higher. The level of technical efficiency is lower. (3) the relationship between enterprise scale and technical efficiency is inverted U-type. At present, the average scale of power generation enterprises in China is on the small side, and expanding the scale of enterprises will help to improve the level of technical efficiency. (4) the coal price level and the power price level have a significant negative and positive impact on the technical efficiency. Raising the level of electricity price is helpful to the improvement of technical efficiency. (5) the relationship between sulfur dioxide emission and technical efficiency is inversely U-shaped. China is now in the stage of stronger environmental regulation and higher technical efficiency. (6) there is a significant negative relationship among fuel transportation cost, power consumption rate and technical efficiency. Finally, in the fifth chapter, based on the results of empirical analysis, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to enhance the technical efficiency of power generation industry in China, such as deepening the ownership reform, reforming the regulation mode of electricity price, improving the efficiency of scale economy of enterprises, and increasing the intensity of environmental regulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F426.61

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本文編號(hào)：2171135