【摘要】：聚乙烯與交聯(lián)聚乙烯由于其杰出的電學(xué)和力學(xué)特性而普遍應(yīng)用于電纜絕緣領(lǐng)域,在現(xiàn)實運行過程中,電纜容易遭受熱、電、機械、水等多種因素的影響使其絕緣性能逐漸劣化而產(chǎn)生絕緣老化,最終致使絕緣喪失。因此,研究電纜絕緣材料的老化因子作用下性能的變化,對檢測、評估電纜運行狀態(tài)及合理建立有效的評判方式來判斷絕緣老化等方面具有重要的意義。本文以線性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)與紫外光交聯(lián)聚乙烯(UV-Light XLPE)兩種絕緣材料作為實驗研究對象,以熱、電作為單因子老化應(yīng)力,探究實驗材料在熱、電老化因子作用下,其擊穿場強、電導(dǎo)率、介電常數(shù)、損耗因數(shù)、斷裂伸長率、拉伸強度等性能的變化,并根據(jù)實驗結(jié)果分別建立合理的熱、電老化模型。實驗結(jié)果表明:在熱老化實驗初期,兩種絕緣材料的擊穿場強、電導(dǎo)率與力學(xué)性能出現(xiàn)較小程度的降低,介電常數(shù)、損耗因數(shù)出現(xiàn)微量的增大;隨老化時間增加,原本穩(wěn)定的大分子鏈斷裂,產(chǎn)生許多小分子基團和氧化產(chǎn)物,導(dǎo)致?lián)舸﹫鰪娕c力學(xué)性能出現(xiàn)顯著下降,電導(dǎo)率、介電常數(shù)、損耗因數(shù)出現(xiàn)明顯增大,電學(xué)性能與力學(xué)性能都受到嚴(yán)重的破壞作用,老化溫度越高、時間越長遭受破壞越嚴(yán)重;兩種實驗材料性能參數(shù)變化規(guī)律基本一致的,存在一定程度的差異。根據(jù)兩種材料的熱老化數(shù)據(jù)分別建立熱老化模型,校驗發(fā)現(xiàn)UV-Light XLPE的耐熱老化性能較好。電老化實驗結(jié)果表明:在本文設(shè)定的電老化實驗條件下,實驗材料的擊穿場強均下降;電導(dǎo)率、介電損耗均增大;斷裂伸長率、拉伸強度出現(xiàn)微小的變化,可能電老化時間較短對力學(xué)特性的影響較小。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)UV-Light XLPE耐電老化性能較好,這一點可從建立的電老化模型得到驗證。
[Abstract]:Polyethylene and crosslinked polyethylene are widely used in the field of cable insulation because of their outstanding electrical and mechanical properties. In the process of practical operation, cables are vulnerable to heat, electricity and machinery. The influence of water and other factors make its insulation performance deteriorate gradually and cause insulation aging, and eventually lead to insulation loss. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the change of performance under the action of aging factor of cable insulation material, which is of great significance in detecting, evaluating the running state of cable and establishing an effective evaluation method to judge insulation aging. In this paper, two kinds of insulating materials, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and ultraviolet light crosslinked polyethylene (UV-Light XLPE), are used as experimental objects, and heat and electricity are used as single factor aging stress to investigate the breakdown field strength of the experimental materials under the action of thermal and electric aging factors. The electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, loss factor, elongation at break, tensile strength, and so on are changed. According to the experimental results, reasonable thermal and electric aging models are established respectively. The experimental results show that the breakdown field strength, conductivity and mechanical properties of the two kinds of insulating materials decrease slightly, the dielectric constant and loss factor increase slightly at the beginning of the thermal aging experiment, and with the aging time, the dielectric constant and the loss factor increase slightly. The previously stable macromolecular chain breaks, resulting in many small molecular groups and oxidation products, resulting in a significant decrease in breakdown field strength and mechanical properties, and a significant increase in electrical conductivity, dielectric constant and loss factor. The electrical properties and mechanical properties are seriously damaged, the higher the aging temperature, the longer the time is damaged, and the variation of the two experimental materials' properties parameters is basically the same, there is a certain degree of difference. According to the data of heat aging of two kinds of materials, the thermal aging model was established, and it was found that the heat aging property of UV-Light XLPE was better. The results show that the breakdown field strength decreases, the electrical conductivity and dielectric loss increase, the elongation at break and tensile strength change slightly. It is possible that the short time of electric aging has little effect on mechanical properties. The results show that UV-Light XLPE has better resistance to electric aging, which can be verified by the established model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM215.1

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