光伏發(fā)電最大功率點(diǎn)追蹤及與市電聯(lián)合供電策略研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-29 08:00
【摘要】：目前光伏電池光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率較低,其輸出功率更受到環(huán)境溫度和光照強(qiáng)度的制約。為提高光伏系統(tǒng)綜合利用率,需在光伏電池與外部負(fù)荷之間施加性能優(yōu)良的最大功率點(diǎn)追蹤(Maximum Power Point Tracking,MPPT)控制策略;另一方面,因受重慶地區(qū)多云霧、寡日照氣候影響,光伏輸出功率的波動(dòng)性和間歇性很大,為保證電負(fù)荷穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,有必要引入蓄電池組作為能量緩存設(shè)備,并引入外部電源作為光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的補(bǔ)充電源。首先,本文在Matlab中建立光伏電池?cái)?shù)學(xué)仿真模型,并分析了光伏電池的P-U輸出特性曲線,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出基于初值設(shè)定雙模式電導(dǎo)增量法(INC)的光伏MPPT控制算法;然后,對(duì)本文所提算法進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)推導(dǎo),分析了光伏電池開路電壓Uoc與光照強(qiáng)度S的關(guān)系以及參考電壓初值設(shè)定對(duì)MPPT追綜速度的影響;其次,設(shè)計(jì)了硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)電路并進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。再次,針對(duì)重慶地區(qū),為彌補(bǔ)其離網(wǎng)式光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)自身缺陷,本文設(shè)計(jì)了光伏-市電聯(lián)合供電系統(tǒng);最后,對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明并給出了切換電路,在阻性負(fù)載下對(duì)切換控制策略進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:(1)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助仿真環(huán)境下,光照度兩次突變時(shí),本文所提MPPT控制策略追蹤時(shí)間分別為0.27s和0.15s,追綜效率MPPT達(dá)98.72%;與未加本文控制策略的光伏系統(tǒng)相比,電能提高百分比MPPT為6.09%,驗(yàn)證了本文所提算法的正確性。(2)室內(nèi)精確可控環(huán)境下,與未施加本文控制策略相比,本文所提MPPT控制策略在弱光照下MPPT達(dá)3.90%、追綜效率MPPT為95.69%;在強(qiáng)光照下MPPT達(dá)3.72%,追綜效率MPPT為97.82%;環(huán)境突變條件下,施加本文控制策略后,追蹤時(shí)間提高0.98s,MPPT達(dá)3.67%,追綜效率MPPT為95.87%。表明本文所提MPPT控制策略的環(huán)境適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng)且減少了穩(wěn)態(tài)震蕩。(3)室外環(huán)境下進(jìn)行交叉驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明:與未施加本文控制策略相比,本文所提MPPT控制策略在啟動(dòng)性能、動(dòng)態(tài)性能以及負(fù)載突變情況下的性能均得到改善,追蹤時(shí)間縮減,抗干擾能力增強(qiáng),對(duì)光伏工程應(yīng)用具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。(4)設(shè)計(jì)并制作了一套"光-儲(chǔ)-市電"聯(lián)合供電系統(tǒng),實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,在聯(lián)合供電控制策略下,系統(tǒng)可實(shí)現(xiàn)供電電源的穩(wěn)定切換,切換時(shí)間小于0.7s,電能質(zhì)量和切換時(shí)間符合GB/T14048.11-2002《自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器》國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn);最后,評(píng)估了聯(lián)合供電系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
[Abstract]:At present, photovoltaic cells have low conversion efficiency and their output power is restricted by ambient temperature and light intensity. In order to improve the overall utilization rate of photovoltaic system, the best power point tracking (Maximum Power Point control strategy should be applied between photovoltaic cell and external load. On the other hand, because of the cloud and fog in Chongqing, the climate has little sunshine. The fluctuation and intermittency of photovoltaic output power is very large. In order to ensure the steady operation of electric load, it is necessary to introduce battery as energy buffer equipment and external power supply as supplementary power source for photovoltaic power generation system. Firstly, the mathematical simulation model of photovoltaic cell is established in Matlab, and the P-U output characteristic curve of photovoltaic cell is analyzed. Based on this, a photovoltaic MPPT control algorithm based on initial value setting double mode conductance increment method (INC) is proposed. The mathematical derivation of the algorithm proposed in this paper analyzes the relationship between the open circuit voltage (Uoc) of photovoltaic cells and the illumination intensity S and the effect of the initial value of reference voltage on the capping speed of MPPT. Secondly, the hardware implementation circuit is designed and verified by experiments. Thirdly, in order to make up for the defects of off-grid photovoltaic power generation system in Chongqing area, this paper designs a photovoltaic / municipal power supply system. Finally, the structure of the system is explained and the switching circuit is given. The switching control strategy is tested under resistive load. The experimental results show that: (1) in the computer aided simulation environment, the tracking time of the proposed MPPT control strategy is 0.27s and 0.15s, and the MPPT is 98.72.Compared with the photovoltaic system without the proposed control strategy, the tracking time of the proposed control strategy is 0.27s and 0.15s, respectively. The percentage of electrical energy increase MPPT is 6.09, which verifies the correctness of the algorithm proposed in this paper. (2) compared with the control strategy without the proposed control strategy, the proposed algorithm is more accurate and controllable in the indoor environment. The MPPT control strategy proposed in this paper has a MPPT of 3.90 and an efficiency of 95.69 under weak light, a MPPT of 3.722 and an efficiency of 97.82 under strong illumination. Under the condition of environmental mutation, the tracking time is increased by 0.98 s and the tracking efficiency MPPT is 95.87 after applying the control strategy. The results show that the proposed MPPT control strategy is more adaptable to the environment and reduces the steady state oscillation. (3) Cross validation experiments are carried out in outdoor environment. The results show that compared with the proposed MPPT control strategy, the performance of the proposed MPPT control strategy is better than that of the proposed control strategy. The dynamic performance and the performance of the load sudden change are improved, the tracking time is reduced, and the anti-interference ability is enhanced. (4) A set of "optical-storage-electricity" combined power supply system is designed and manufactured, which has certain guiding significance for the application of photovoltaic engineering. The experimental results show that under the joint power supply control strategy, the system can realize the stable switching of power supply, the switching time is less than 0.7 s, the power quality and switching time conform to the national standard of GB/T14048.11-2002. The economic benefit of the combined power supply system is evaluated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM615
[Abstract]:At present, photovoltaic cells have low conversion efficiency and their output power is restricted by ambient temperature and light intensity. In order to improve the overall utilization rate of photovoltaic system, the best power point tracking (Maximum Power Point control strategy should be applied between photovoltaic cell and external load. On the other hand, because of the cloud and fog in Chongqing, the climate has little sunshine. The fluctuation and intermittency of photovoltaic output power is very large. In order to ensure the steady operation of electric load, it is necessary to introduce battery as energy buffer equipment and external power supply as supplementary power source for photovoltaic power generation system. Firstly, the mathematical simulation model of photovoltaic cell is established in Matlab, and the P-U output characteristic curve of photovoltaic cell is analyzed. Based on this, a photovoltaic MPPT control algorithm based on initial value setting double mode conductance increment method (INC) is proposed. The mathematical derivation of the algorithm proposed in this paper analyzes the relationship between the open circuit voltage (Uoc) of photovoltaic cells and the illumination intensity S and the effect of the initial value of reference voltage on the capping speed of MPPT. Secondly, the hardware implementation circuit is designed and verified by experiments. Thirdly, in order to make up for the defects of off-grid photovoltaic power generation system in Chongqing area, this paper designs a photovoltaic / municipal power supply system. Finally, the structure of the system is explained and the switching circuit is given. The switching control strategy is tested under resistive load. The experimental results show that: (1) in the computer aided simulation environment, the tracking time of the proposed MPPT control strategy is 0.27s and 0.15s, and the MPPT is 98.72.Compared with the photovoltaic system without the proposed control strategy, the tracking time of the proposed control strategy is 0.27s and 0.15s, respectively. The percentage of electrical energy increase MPPT is 6.09, which verifies the correctness of the algorithm proposed in this paper. (2) compared with the control strategy without the proposed control strategy, the proposed algorithm is more accurate and controllable in the indoor environment. The MPPT control strategy proposed in this paper has a MPPT of 3.90 and an efficiency of 95.69 under weak light, a MPPT of 3.722 and an efficiency of 97.82 under strong illumination. Under the condition of environmental mutation, the tracking time is increased by 0.98 s and the tracking efficiency MPPT is 95.87 after applying the control strategy. The results show that the proposed MPPT control strategy is more adaptable to the environment and reduces the steady state oscillation. (3) Cross validation experiments are carried out in outdoor environment. The results show that compared with the proposed MPPT control strategy, the performance of the proposed MPPT control strategy is better than that of the proposed control strategy. The dynamic performance and the performance of the load sudden change are improved, the tracking time is reduced, and the anti-interference ability is enhanced. (4) A set of "optical-storage-electricity" combined power supply system is designed and manufactured, which has certain guiding significance for the application of photovoltaic engineering. The experimental results show that under the joint power supply control strategy, the system can realize the stable switching of power supply, the switching time is less than 0.7 s, the power quality and switching time conform to the national standard of GB/T14048.11-2002. The economic benefit of the combined power supply system is evaluated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM615
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