【摘要】：絕緣子在電力系統(tǒng)輸電線路中起著機械支撐與電氣絕緣的作用,其絕緣性能關(guān)系著電力系統(tǒng)的安全運行。高壓以及超/特高壓直、交流輸電線路的快速發(fā)展對電力系統(tǒng)外絕緣提出了更高的要求,瓷絕緣子由于其特殊的優(yōu)點被廣泛應(yīng)用于這類輸電線路。但強風(fēng)沙塵天氣、環(huán)境污染以及霧霾等造成的污閃事故時有發(fā)生,對電力系統(tǒng)造成了不可估量的損失。因此,研究瓷絕緣子的積污特性,掌握其在自然條件下的積污規(guī)律,以有效減少污閃事故發(fā)生,從而保證電力系統(tǒng)和電氣設(shè)備的安全運行具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本課題采用數(shù)值模擬方法重點對瓷三傘絕緣子的積污特性進行了研究�；诹W(xué)理論,對污穢顆粒在絕緣子附近的受力特性及運動行為進行了分析,獲得了基于力學(xué)平衡和力矩平衡的污穢顆粒動態(tài)沉積條件,包括其被風(fēng)遷離條件;簡述了瓷絕緣子在本校風(fēng)洞條件下的積污試驗;基于能量的污穢顆粒沉積判據(jù),從正負荷電比例、表面能、粒徑分布三方面對瓷絕緣子積污特性的遞進影響進行了數(shù)值模擬研究,以期減小風(fēng)洞條件下模擬結(jié)果與試驗結(jié)果間的誤差,獲得優(yōu)化模型并驗證其合理性。籍此,采用表面能優(yōu)化模型研究了強風(fēng)環(huán)境下瓷三傘絕緣子的積污特性,分析了其在實際直、交流110kV高壓輸電線路中風(fēng)速、顆粒粒徑、電壓類型等單因素及多因素耦合作用對其自然積污特性的影響。結(jié)果表明:由從正負荷電比例、表面能、粒徑分布三方面對風(fēng)洞條件下瓷絕緣子積污特性的遞進影響研究獲得了基于能量的沉積判據(jù)優(yōu)化模型;與試驗結(jié)果比較,其模擬結(jié)果平均相對誤差分別在上一步基礎(chǔ)上依次減小(6.6%、21.5%、6.4%),且其隨所施加直流電壓的變化趨勢更為相似,驗證了該優(yōu)化模型的合理性。應(yīng)用該優(yōu)化模型于強風(fēng)環(huán)境下瓷三傘絕緣子,在110kV直、交流電壓分別作用時,積污量隨粒徑增大而增大;隨風(fēng)速增大,前者積污量逐漸減小且漸趨平緩,后者在不同粒徑時呈現(xiàn)不同的變化規(guī)律,但兩者間的積污量差異逐漸減小,并趨于一致;當(dāng)風(fēng)速與粒徑(u,dp)取值在[(13m/s,15m/s),(20?m,30?m)]時,積污量沿傘裙呈“U”型分布,且直流電壓的作用大于交流電壓的作用;否則,“U”型分布逐漸消失。絕緣子表面積污量直交比隨風(fēng)速的增大而減小且漸趨平緩。小風(fēng)速(9m/s)時,積污直交比隨粒徑增大而增大;風(fēng)速為11m/s時,積污直交比隨粒徑增大先增大后趨于不變;較大風(fēng)速時(13、15、17、19m/s),隨著粒徑增大,積污直交比先增大后減小。此外,還獲得了絕緣子上下表面的積污特性。
[Abstract]:Insulators play a role of mechanical support and electrical insulation in power system transmission lines, and their insulation performance is related to the safe operation of power system. The rapid development of high-voltage and ultra-high voltage transmission lines and AC transmission lines put forward higher requirements for external insulation of power systems. Porcelain insulators are widely used in this kind of transmission lines because of their special advantages. However, the pollution flashover accidents caused by strong wind and dust weather, environmental pollution and haze have caused incalculable losses to the power system. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the fouling characteristics of porcelain insulators and master the fouling law under natural conditions in order to effectively reduce the occurrence of pollution flashover accidents and to ensure the safe operation of power system and electrical equipment. In this paper, the numerical simulation method is used to study the fouling characteristics of ceramic three-umbrella insulator. Based on the theory of mechanics, the mechanical characteristics and motion behavior of contaminated particles near insulators are analyzed, and the dynamic deposition conditions of contaminated particles based on mechanical balance and moment equilibrium are obtained, including the moving condition of polluted particles by wind. The fouling test of porcelain insulator under the condition of wind tunnel in our school is briefly described, and the criterion of fouling particle deposition based on energy, from the positive load electric ratio, surface energy, In order to reduce the error between the simulation results and the test results under wind tunnel conditions, the optimization model is obtained and its rationality is verified by numerical simulation on the progressive influence of ceramic insulator fouling characteristics from three aspects of particle size distribution in order to reduce the error between the simulation results and the experimental results under the wind tunnel condition. In this paper, the surface energy optimization model is used to study the fouling characteristics of ceramic three-parachute insulators under strong wind conditions, and the wind speed and particle size in the actual direct and AC 110kV high voltage transmission lines are analyzed. The effect of single factor and multi-factor coupling on the natural fouling characteristics of voltage type. The results show that the optimization model of deposition criterion based on energy is obtained from the progressive influence of positive load ratio, surface energy and particle size distribution on the fouling characteristics of porcelain insulators under wind tunnel conditions, and the results are compared with the experimental results. The average relative error of the simulation results is decreased in turn from the previous step (6.6%), and the trend of variation with the applied DC voltage is more similar, which verifies the rationality of the optimization model. The model is applied to ceramic three-parachute insulators under strong wind conditions. When the 110kV is direct and AC voltage is applied, the fouling amount increases with the increase of particle size, and decreases gradually with the increase of wind speed. The latter shows different variation law at different particle size, but the difference between them decreases gradually and tends to be the same. When the value of wind speed and particle size (U / dp) is [(13m / s ~ 15m / s), (20m ~ 30m)], the amount of fouling is distributed in "U" shape along the umbrella skirt. The effect of DC voltage is greater than that of AC voltage, otherwise, the "U" type distribution gradually disappears. The direct cross ratio of surface area of insulator decreases with the increase of wind speed and becomes more and more smooth. At low wind speed (9m/s), the deposition cross ratio increases with the increase of particle size, when the wind speed is 11m/s, it increases first and then tends to remain unchanged, while at larger wind speed (1315151719m / s), it increases first and then decreases with the increase of particle size. In addition, the fouling characteristics of the upper and lower surfaces of insulators are also obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM216

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