【摘要】：全球性的能源危機和環(huán)境污染推動了世界各國電動汽車行業(yè)的發(fā)展,越來越多的汽車廠商將重心放在電動汽車的研發(fā)和應(yīng)用當中,電動汽車得到了飛速發(fā)展。但是受電池技術(shù)的限制,電動汽車每充滿一次電所能行駛的距離有限,不適合于長途行駛,在很大程度上限制了電動汽車的發(fā)展。大量的電動汽車接入到電網(wǎng)中,必然給電網(wǎng)的穩(wěn)定運行帶來一定的沖擊,因此有必要對電動汽車充電系統(tǒng)進行深入研究,使得大規(guī)模電動汽車接入電網(wǎng)同時不影響傳統(tǒng)電網(wǎng)的正常功能,并且滿足其充電需求。傳統(tǒng)的充電設(shè)備為有線式充電,是由充電樁完成對電動汽車的供電功能。但是,充電樁占地面積大,且一個充電樁只能給一輛電動汽車充電,當其數(shù)量較多規(guī)模較大時,不一定能同時滿足所有汽車的充電需求。本文分析無線電能傳輸技術(shù)的原理,對動力電池的充放電特性進行研究,選擇適合于電動汽車的無線充電原理,對無線充電系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)架進行設(shè)計。(1)對主流的三種無線電能傳輸技術(shù)展開理論分析。介紹電磁耦合式無線電能傳輸技術(shù)、共振式無線電能傳輸技術(shù)以及電波式無線電能傳輸技術(shù)原理,建立各種無線電能傳輸技術(shù)的等效電路模型,根據(jù)電路模型,用數(shù)學(xué)表達式對三種技術(shù)的電能傳輸效率和功率進行表示,研究各參數(shù)對效率和功率大小的影響。從各方面對三種技術(shù)進行比較。(2)本章分析共振式無線充電技術(shù)原副線圈之間距離以及互感值對傳輸功率的影響,仿真分析電能傳輸效率與互感值的關(guān)系;分析各類型電動汽車充電需求,并且就無線電能技術(shù)應(yīng)用于電動汽車充電中可行性以及應(yīng)用價值進行研究。(3)結(jié)合實際應(yīng)用,給出電動汽車無線充電實現(xiàn)的系統(tǒng)需求。提出了靜態(tài)無線充電系統(tǒng)架構(gòu),該系統(tǒng)由電能預(yù)處理、發(fā)送、接收、充電控制以及電池負載五個模塊構(gòu)成,分析各個模塊的要求,并選擇合適的電路結(jié)構(gòu),給出一對一靜態(tài)無線充電系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)拓撲圖。并且提出當電動汽車數(shù)量較多的時候可以結(jié)合一對多充電技術(shù),對靜態(tài)無向充電系統(tǒng)進行改進。此外,結(jié)合高速公路無線充電需求,分析動態(tài)無線充電系統(tǒng),提出了高速公路動態(tài)無線充電系統(tǒng)構(gòu)架,并且給出系統(tǒng)的工作過程。
[Abstract]:The global energy crisis and environmental pollution have promoted the development of electric vehicle industry in the world. More and more automobile manufacturers focus on the research and application of electric vehicles, and electric vehicles have been rapidly developed. However, due to the limitation of battery technology, the distance that electric vehicles can travel every time is limited, which is not suitable for long-distance driving, which limits the development of electric vehicles to a great extent. A large number of electric vehicles are connected to the power grid, which is bound to bring a certain impact to the stable operation of the power grid, so it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the charging system of electric vehicles. The large scale electric vehicle is connected to the power grid without affecting the normal function of the traditional power grid and meets its charging requirements. The traditional charging equipment is wired charging, and the power supply function of electric vehicle is accomplished by charging pile. However, the charge pile occupies a large area, and a charging pile can only charge an electric vehicle, and when the number is larger, it may not meet the charging needs of all cars at the same time. In this paper, the principle of radio energy transmission technology is analyzed, the charging and discharging characteristics of power battery are studied, and the principle of wireless charging suitable for electric vehicle is selected. The framework of wireless charging system is designed. (1) theoretical analysis of three main radio energy transmission technologies. The principle of electromagnetic coupled radio energy transmission technology, resonance radio energy transmission technology and radio wave radio energy transmission technology are introduced. The equivalent circuit models of various radio energy transmission technologies are established, according to the circuit model, The power transmission efficiency and power of the three techniques are expressed by mathematical expressions, and the effects of each parameter on the efficiency and power are studied. The three technologies are compared from various aspects. (2) this chapter analyzes the influence of the distance between the primary and secondary coils and the mutual inductance on the transmission power of the resonant wireless charging technology, and simulates the relationship between the transmission efficiency and the mutual inductance; This paper analyzes the charging requirements of various types of electric vehicles, and studies the feasibility and application value of radio energy technology in electric vehicle charging. (3) combined with practical application, the system requirements of wireless charging of electric vehicles are given. The structure of static wireless charging system is proposed. The system is composed of five modules: preprocessing, sending, receiving, charging control and battery load. The requirements of each module are analyzed, and the appropriate circuit structure is selected. The topology diagram of one-to-one static wireless charging system is given. When the number of electric vehicles is large, the static undirected charging system can be improved by combining one-to-many charging technology. In addition, the dynamic wireless charging system is analyzed according to the requirement of highway wireless charging, and the framework of expressway dynamic wireless charging system is proposed, and the working process of the system is given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM724

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