本文選題：浪涌負(fù)荷 + 銀氧化錫觸點(diǎn)��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：觸點(diǎn)是低壓電器內(nèi)完成信號(hào)導(dǎo)通和分?jǐn)喙δ艿闹苯訄?zhí)行部分,其在浪涌負(fù)荷條件下電性能的加速退化及誘發(fā)的動(dòng)熔焊失效現(xiàn)象已成為影響電器壽命和可靠性的關(guān)鍵。作為低壓電器領(lǐng)域用途最廣、用量最大的貴金屬功能材料,銀氧化錫在浪涌負(fù)荷條件下的電性能和抗浪涌能力一直受到多方關(guān)注。本文以開發(fā)的新型觸點(diǎn)材料電性能模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ),進(jìn)而實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了浪涌負(fù)荷條件下銀氧化錫觸點(diǎn)材料電性能基本特征、退化過程和熔焊失效物理機(jī)制。首先,設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種新型兩工位觸點(diǎn)材料電性能模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)。通過設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)械機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)了推桿作用點(diǎn)、空程、超程和觸點(diǎn)開距等機(jī)械參數(shù)的調(diào)節(jié);以電磁鐵實(shí)現(xiàn)觸點(diǎn)分合運(yùn)動(dòng)的模擬;開發(fā)的硬件測(cè)試電路實(shí)現(xiàn)了觸點(diǎn)力和電參數(shù)的同步實(shí)時(shí)測(cè)量;基于LabVIEW開發(fā)的操作軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)了回跳時(shí)間、回跳能量、燃弧能量等電性能綜合參數(shù)的計(jì)算、顯示和存儲(chǔ)。其次,結(jié)合容性負(fù)載條件下觸點(diǎn)閉合過程和分?jǐn)噙^程的觸點(diǎn)電壓和觸點(diǎn)電流的典型波形,對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)電路和典型波形進(jìn)行了理論分析,建立了電路暫態(tài)過程的數(shù)學(xué)模型;進(jìn)而分析了浪涌電流峰值、浪涌時(shí)間等參數(shù)對(duì)觸點(diǎn)分合過程電氣特性的影響。接著,實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了耐久性電壽命實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中銀氧化錫觸點(diǎn)回跳能量、靜壓力、燃弧能量等電性能敏感參數(shù)的退化過程,總結(jié)了各電性能敏感參數(shù)的退化規(guī)律,分析了其發(fā)生退化的原因和物理機(jī)制。最后,改變負(fù)載性質(zhì)、負(fù)載電容和觸點(diǎn)開距等因素,實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了銀氧化錫觸點(diǎn)動(dòng)熔焊失效現(xiàn)象,總結(jié)歸納了觸點(diǎn)發(fā)生動(dòng)熔焊失效時(shí)電性能敏感參數(shù)的主要特征表現(xiàn),結(jié)合觸點(diǎn)表面微觀形貌特征與元素分布狀態(tài),闡述了觸點(diǎn)發(fā)生動(dòng)熔焊的物理過程和失效機(jī)理。本研究可為觸點(diǎn)材料電性能的科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)與優(yōu)化改進(jìn)提供實(shí)驗(yàn)手段,對(duì)于低壓電器的長(zhǎng)壽命設(shè)計(jì)和接觸失效分析亦具有實(shí)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The contact is the direct executive part of the signal conduction and breaking function in the low voltage electrical apparatus. The accelerated degradation of electrical performance and the induced dynamic welding failure under surge load have become the key to affect the life and reliability of electrical apparatus. As the most widely used and used noble metal functional materials in the field of low-voltage electrical appliances, the electrical properties and anti-surge ability of silver tin oxide under surge load have been paid much attention to. Based on a new type of contact material electrical performance simulation experimental system, the basic characteristics of electrical properties, degradation process and the physical mechanism of welding failure of silver tin oxide contact materials under surge load are studied experimentally in this paper. First, a new two-position contact material electrical performance simulation system is designed and implemented. Through the designed mechanical mechanism, the mechanical parameters such as the action point of the push rod, the space range, the overrun range and the contact opening distance are adjusted, and the electromagnet is used to simulate the movement of the contact points. The hardware test circuit realizes the synchronous real-time measurement of contact force and electrical parameters, and the operation software based on LabVIEW realizes the calculation, display and storage of the comprehensive parameters of electrical performance, such as rebound time, rebound energy, arc burning energy, etc. Secondly, combined with the typical waveform of contact voltage and current in capacitive load, the experimental circuit and typical waveform are analyzed theoretically, and the mathematical model of circuit transient process is established. Furthermore, the influence of peak surge current and surge time on the electrical characteristics of the contact is analyzed. Then, the degradation process of sensitive parameters of silver tin oxide contacts, such as rebound energy, static pressure, arc energy and so on, is studied, and the degradation laws of these sensitive parameters are summarized. The causes and physical mechanism of its degradation are analyzed. Finally, by changing the load property, load capacitance and contact distance, the failure phenomenon of silver tin oxide contact dynamic fusion welding is studied experimentally, and the main characteristics of electrical property sensitive parameters when contact failure occurs are summarized. The physical process and failure mechanism of contact dynamic fusion welding are described in combination with the microcosmic morphology of contact surface and the distribution of elements. This study can provide experimental means for scientific evaluation and optimization improvement of electrical properties of contact materials, and also has practical value for long life design and contact failure analysis of low voltage electrical appliances.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM24

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