本文選題：頻率動(dòng)態(tài) + 時(shí)空分布特性　； 參考：《東北電力大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：頻率是電能質(zhì)量的重要指標(biāo),也是反映電力系統(tǒng)有功功率供需平衡的重要參量。電力系統(tǒng)中大型發(fā)電機(jī)運(yùn)行中突然故障停機(jī)時(shí),突發(fā)的有功功率缺額會(huì)引起系統(tǒng)頻率的波動(dòng),已有的研究表明,電力系統(tǒng)的頻率變化具有時(shí)空分布的特性。隨著越來(lái)越多的大容量發(fā)電機(jī)組(1000MW火電機(jī)組或核電機(jī)組)投入運(yùn)行,電力系統(tǒng)中發(fā)生大的功率脫落事件的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也在增大。頻率動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程的時(shí)空分布特性是一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的問題,理論分析的方法只能研究幾種簡(jiǎn)化系統(tǒng)的特性。觀測(cè)手段的不足也是重要的制約因素。基于同步相量測(cè)量單元(PMU)的廣域量測(cè)系統(tǒng)(WAMS)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)全系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)信息的同步量測(cè),為研究電力系統(tǒng)真實(shí)的頻率動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程及其時(shí)空分布特性提供了觀測(cè)手段。深入研究電力系統(tǒng)受擾后的頻率動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程及其時(shí)空分布特性對(duì)防范頻率失穩(wěn)、改善低頻減載控制等均具有重要意義。本文分析了東北電網(wǎng)4次核電機(jī)組異常停機(jī)導(dǎo)致的功率脫落事件,根據(jù)WAMS記錄的45個(gè)場(chǎng)站的頻率變化數(shù)據(jù),建立了包括初始響應(yīng)時(shí)刻、初始頻率、頻率最低值、頻率最低值時(shí)刻和平均頻率變化率等參數(shù)的特征量,分析了頻率變化主要特征與測(cè)點(diǎn)距擾動(dòng)源距離之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系,從不同角度揭示了頻率動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程的時(shí)空特性。在理論分析方面,通過(guò)單機(jī)系統(tǒng)頻率動(dòng)態(tài)模型研究了頻率動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程的時(shí)序特性及其與系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的關(guān)系;用多機(jī)系統(tǒng)機(jī)電暫態(tài)仿真模型對(duì)頻率動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程的時(shí)空分布特性進(jìn)行了研究,分析了有功缺額、慣性時(shí)間常數(shù)和調(diào)速器死區(qū)等主要因素的影響,并與實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行了比對(duì)。由仿真結(jié)果可知,有功缺額的增大和慣性時(shí)間常數(shù)的減小將會(huì)導(dǎo)致擾動(dòng)后頻率變化傳播速度加快;頻率最低值主要與有功缺額和調(diào)速器死區(qū)范圍強(qiáng)相關(guān);頻率跌落趨勢(shì)主要與有功缺額和慣性時(shí)間常數(shù)強(qiáng)相關(guān),有功缺額的減小,慣性時(shí)間常數(shù)的增大,調(diào)速器死區(qū)范圍的增大將導(dǎo)致頻率最低值出現(xiàn)的延遲�；赪AMS的頻率動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程數(shù)據(jù)為研究頻率動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程的時(shí)空特性提供了重要依據(jù)�；跀�(shù)據(jù)的研究和基于仿真的研究相結(jié)合可以更好地揭示頻率動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程的機(jī)理和主要影響因素。頻率動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程的研究對(duì)防范頻率失穩(wěn)以及改善低頻減載整定方法均有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Frequency is not only an important index of power quality, but also an important parameter to reflect the balance of supply and demand of active power in power system. The frequency fluctuation of power system will be caused by the sudden active power shortage when the power system is stopped suddenly during the operation of the large generator. The existing researches show that the frequency variation of the power system has the characteristics of space-time distribution. With more and more large capacity generating units (1000MW thermal power units or nuclear power units) put into operation, the risk of large power loss events in power system is also increasing. The spatial and temporal distribution of frequency dynamic processes is a very complex problem. The theoretical analysis method can only study the characteristics of several simplified systems. The shortage of observation means is also an important constraint factor. Wide-area measurement system (WAMS) based on synchronous phasor measurement unit (PMU) can realize synchronous measurement of dynamic information of the whole system, which provides an observation method for studying the real frequency dynamic process and space-time distribution characteristics of power system. It is of great significance to study the frequency dynamic process and its space-time distribution of power system after disturbance for preventing frequency instability and improving low-frequency load reduction control. In this paper, the power shedding events caused by 4 abnormal shutdown of nuclear power units in Northeast China Power Grid are analyzed. According to the frequency variation data of 45 stations recorded by WAMS, the initial response time, initial frequency and minimum frequency are established. The relationship between the main characteristics of the frequency change and the distance between the measured point and the disturbance source is analyzed, and the space-time characteristics of the frequency dynamic process are revealed from different angles. In the aspect of theoretical analysis, the time-series characteristics of frequency dynamic process and the relationship between frequency dynamic process and system parameters are studied by the single-machine system frequency dynamic model. The time-space distribution characteristics of frequency dynamic process are studied by using the electromechanical transient simulation model of multi-machine system. The effects of active power gap, inertia time constant and governor dead time are analyzed. The results are compared with the measured data. According to the simulation results, the increase of active power gap and the decrease of inertial time constant will lead to the acceleration of frequency change propagation speed after disturbance, the lowest frequency value is mainly related to the active power gap and the dead zone range of governor. The trend of frequency drop is mainly related to active power gap and inertia time constant. The decrease of active power gap, the increase of inertia time constant and the increase of dead zone range of governor will lead to the delay of the lowest frequency. The frequency dynamic process data based on WAMS provide an important basis for the study of spatial and temporal characteristics of frequency dynamic process. The combination of data-based research and simulation-based research can better reveal the mechanism and main influencing factors of frequency dynamic process. The study of frequency dynamic process is of great significance for preventing frequency instability and improving low frequency load reduction setting method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TM712

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