本文選題：水泵水輪機(jī) + “S”特性　； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展的今天,無(wú)論是工業(yè)用電還是居民生活用電的需求量都在不斷增大,不同時(shí)段用戶(hù)用電量的巨大差異要求電網(wǎng)擴(kuò)大規(guī)模的同時(shí)具有更大、更靈活的調(diào)節(jié)能力。而具有削峰填谷功能的抽水蓄能電站是實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的有效手段。但由于水泵水輪機(jī)全特性曲線(xiàn)中存在一個(gè)不穩(wěn)定的"S'"特性區(qū),常會(huì)造成機(jī)組的啟動(dòng)并網(wǎng)困難以及空載的不穩(wěn)定,產(chǎn)生巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。為了解決這個(gè)不穩(wěn)定區(qū)帶來(lái)的嚴(yán)重影響,有必要采取方法對(duì)"S"區(qū)的特點(diǎn)展開(kāi)研究。本論文基于計(jì)算流體力學(xué)方法,研究水泵水輪機(jī)在定常和非定常下的流動(dòng)狀態(tài)和壓力脈動(dòng)情況,分析"S"形區(qū)流動(dòng)特性。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:1對(duì)水泵水輪機(jī)在水輪機(jī)工況、飛逸工況和制動(dòng)工況下進(jìn)行定常計(jì)算。分析各個(gè)過(guò)流部件在這三種工況下的內(nèi)部流場(chǎng)狀態(tài),探討不同導(dǎo)葉開(kāi)度對(duì)導(dǎo)葉區(qū)以及轉(zhuǎn)輪區(qū)中流場(chǎng)的影響,同時(shí)分析不同工況下轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片的荷載情況。結(jié)果表明,導(dǎo)葉開(kāi)度改變水泵水輪機(jī)的過(guò)流量和轉(zhuǎn)輪進(jìn)口沖角,對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)輪內(nèi)部流動(dòng)有重要影響;水輪機(jī)工況下,葉片受正向力矩;飛逸工況下,葉片的頭部和尾部受負(fù)向力矩,葉片中部受正向力矩;制動(dòng)工況下,葉片頭部和尾部都受負(fù)向力矩,葉片中部受到力矩為0。2對(duì)水泵水輪機(jī)在水輪機(jī)工況、飛逸工況以及制動(dòng)工況下進(jìn)行非定常數(shù)值計(jì)算。分析各過(guò)流部件內(nèi)的流場(chǎng)隨時(shí)間的變化情況,水泵水輪機(jī)在水輪機(jī)工況、飛逸工況和制動(dòng)工況下各區(qū)域的能量特性,以及各個(gè)過(guò)流部件的壓力脈動(dòng)變化規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明,無(wú)葉區(qū)和轉(zhuǎn)輪區(qū)在飛逸工況下會(huì)形成與轉(zhuǎn)輪旋轉(zhuǎn)方向相同、轉(zhuǎn)速為轉(zhuǎn)輪轉(zhuǎn)速的0.5倍和0.6倍的旋渦;在飛逸工況和制動(dòng)工況下尾水管直錐段中生成沿管壁與轉(zhuǎn)輪旋轉(zhuǎn)方向相同、轉(zhuǎn)速為轉(zhuǎn)輪轉(zhuǎn)速的0.55倍和0.85倍的渦帶;設(shè)計(jì)工況(水輪機(jī)工況)與非設(shè)計(jì)工況(飛逸工況和制動(dòng)工況)在能量特性上的主要差異在活動(dòng)導(dǎo)葉區(qū)域;壓力脈動(dòng)分析表明蝸殼中壓力脈動(dòng)與尾水管中的低頻壓力脈動(dòng)相關(guān),導(dǎo)葉區(qū)內(nèi)的壓力脈動(dòng)受動(dòng)靜干涉的影響較大。對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)輪軸向受力的分析表明,飛逸工況下的軸向水推力會(huì)出現(xiàn)高頻率的振蕩,制動(dòng)工況下的軸向受力傾向于抬機(jī)方向。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the demand for both industrial and residential electricity consumption is increasing. The huge difference of power consumption in different periods requires the power grid to expand its scale and have a larger and more flexible regulating capacity. The pumped-storage power station with peak cutting and valley filling function is an effective means to achieve this goal. However, due to the existence of an unstable "S'" characteristic area in the full characteristic curve of the pump turbine, it will often lead to the difficulty of starting and connecting the grid of the unit and the instability of the no-load, resulting in huge economic losses. In order to solve the serious influence of this unstable region, it is necessary to study the characteristics of "S" region. Based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, the flow state and pressure fluctuation of a pump turbine under steady and unsteady conditions are studied, and the flow characteristics in the "S" shape region are analyzed. The main research contents are as follows: 1. The steady calculation of pump turbine under turbine condition, flight escape condition and braking condition is carried out. This paper analyzes the internal flow field state of each overflowing component under these three conditions, discusses the influence of different guide vane opening on the flow field in the guide vane region and the runner zone, and analyzes the load situation of the runner blade under different working conditions. The results show that the overflow rate of the pump turbine and the inlet angle of the runner are changed by the guide vane opening, which has an important effect on the internal flow of the runner, the blade is subjected to positive torque under the turbine working condition, and the head and tail of the blade are subjected to the negative torque under the flight escape condition. Under the braking condition, the head and tail of the blade are both subjected to negative torque, and the moment to the middle of the blade is 0.2 for the unsteady numerical calculation of the pump turbine under turbine, runaway and braking conditions. This paper analyzes the variation of flow field with time, the energy characteristics of each region under turbine, flight escape and braking conditions, and the variation law of pressure pulsation. The results show that the vortex formed in the leafless region and the runner region is the same as the rotation direction of the runner under the flight condition, and the rotational speed is 0.5 times and 0.6 times of the rotary speed of the runner. A vortex band is formed in the straight cone section of the draft tube under flight escape and braking conditions with the same rotating direction along the tube wall and the runner, and the rotational speed is 0.55 times and 0.85 times of the rotary speed of the runner. The main differences in energy characteristics between design (turbine) and off-design (flight escape and braking) conditions are in the active guide vane region, and pressure fluctuation analysis shows that pressure pulsation in volute is related to low frequency pressure fluctuation in draft tube. The pressure pulsation in the guide vane area is greatly affected by the dynamic and static interference. The analysis of axial force on the runner shows that the axial water thrust will oscillate at high frequency under flight escape condition, and the axial force under braking condition tends to lift machine direction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV734.1

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