本文選題：電能質(zhì)量 + 非線性負荷　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,在節(jié)能發(fā)展主題意識的驅(qū)動下,電力電子技術(shù)發(fā)展地異常迅速。在低壓配電系統(tǒng)中,含電力電子整流環(huán)節(jié)的家用電器類諧波源占據(jù)了越來越大的比重。通常,該類諧波源的單臺功率很小,但是其產(chǎn)生的諧波電流總畸變率都在100%上下,有時候甚至更嚴重。因此,該類諧波源負荷的大量使用勢必會對整個電力系統(tǒng)造成諧波污染。傳統(tǒng)諧波分析方法是把各諧波源看作恒流源,對諧波源的集合效應(yīng)不給予考慮,這樣往往容易造成對電網(wǎng)諧波發(fā)射水平的不準確評估。本文聚焦民用非線性負荷的諧波發(fā)射水平研究。一方面,通過分析典型家用電器的等值電路的運行機理,建立了一種精確的諧波耦合導(dǎo)納矩陣數(shù)學(xué)模型,并提出了一種計算多諧波源總電流的理論;另一方面,利用建立的精確諧波耦合導(dǎo)納矩陣數(shù)學(xué)模型以及所提出的計算多諧波源系統(tǒng)總電流的理論,從定量分析的角度對民用非線性負荷的諧波集合效應(yīng)進行了研究。論文的主要內(nèi)容及突出成果如下:(1)詳細分析典型家用電器等值電路的運行機理,借助傅里葉變換在頻域中建立了能準確反映典型家用電器等值電路諧波產(chǎn)生特性的精確諧波耦合導(dǎo)納矩陣數(shù)學(xué)模型。整個建模過程中未涉及近似等效問題,克服了原模型由于對等值電路直流側(cè)電壓采取近似處理而導(dǎo)致模型存在不同程度誤差的問題。此外,采用高斯-賽德爾法和牛頓-拉夫遜法配合使用的方法對等值電路對應(yīng)的導(dǎo)通角和關(guān)斷角進行精確計算,從而進一步提高所建立的諧波耦合導(dǎo)納矩陣數(shù)學(xué)模型的準確度。模型計算和時域仿真的對比結(jié)果證明了論文所建模型的精確性。(2)提出一種計算民用多諧波源系統(tǒng)總電流的方法。利用該方法計算系統(tǒng)總電流的多個算例的編程計算結(jié)果和相應(yīng)的時域仿真結(jié)果的對比證明了該方法具有較好的適用性。(3)基于所建立的典型家用電器等值電路的精確諧波耦合導(dǎo)納矩陣數(shù)學(xué)模型以及所提出的計算民用多諧波源系統(tǒng)總電流的理論,從定量分析的角度分別對民用多諧波源系統(tǒng)的諧波衰減效應(yīng)、分散效應(yīng)以及集合效應(yīng)進行了研究。研究結(jié)果表明:系統(tǒng)諧波階數(shù)越高,諧波衰減現(xiàn)象越明顯;負荷側(cè)并聯(lián)的負荷數(shù)量越多,系統(tǒng)各次諧波衰減的幅度越大,衰減因子AF可很好地衡量系統(tǒng)的諧波衰減程度;不同類型的負荷集各自對應(yīng)的分散因子DF可以很好地表征不同類型負荷對系統(tǒng)總諧波分散效應(yīng)的貢獻程度;集合因子CF可直觀地反映系統(tǒng)的諧波集合現(xiàn)象。(4)分析了線性負荷對民用多諧波源系統(tǒng)諧波集合效應(yīng)的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),線性負荷的加入會使系統(tǒng)總電流的總諧波畸變率減少,并且阻值小的線性負荷更利于減少系統(tǒng)總電流的總諧波畸變率。
[Abstract]:In recent years, driven by the theme consciousness of energy conservation development, power electronics technology has developed very rapidly. In the low-voltage distribution system, the harmonic source of household appliances with power electronic rectifier is more and more important. Usually, the power of this kind of harmonic source is very small, but the total distortion rate of harmonic current is about 100%, sometimes even more serious. Therefore, the heavy use of this kind of harmonic source load will inevitably cause harmonic pollution to the whole power system. The traditional harmonic analysis method regards each harmonic source as a constant current source and does not consider the collective effect of the harmonic source, which often results in an inaccurate evaluation of the harmonic emission level of the power network. This paper focuses on the harmonic emission level of civil nonlinear load. On the one hand, by analyzing the operation mechanism of equivalent circuit of typical household appliances, a precise mathematical model of harmonic coupling admittance matrix is established, and a theory of calculating the total current of multiple harmonic sources is put forward. Based on the mathematical model of accurate harmonic coupling admittance matrix and the theory of calculating the total current of multi-harmonic source system, the harmonic set effect of civil nonlinear load is studied from the point of view of quantitative analysis. The main contents and outstanding results are as follows: (1) the operation mechanism of equivalent circuit of typical household appliances is analyzed in detail. By means of Fourier transform, a mathematical model of harmonic coupled admittance matrix is established in the frequency domain, which can accurately reflect the harmonic generation characteristics of typical equivalent circuit of household appliances. The problem of approximate equivalence is not involved in the whole modeling process, which overcomes the problem that the original model has different degree of error due to the approximate treatment of DC side voltage of equivalent circuit. In addition, the Gauss-Seadell method and Newton-Raphson method are used to calculate the conduction angle and turn-off angle of equivalent circuit accurately, so as to further improve the accuracy of the mathematical model of harmonic coupling admittance matrix. The results of model calculation and time domain simulation prove the accuracy of the model. (2) A method to calculate the total current of civil multi-harmonic source system is proposed. The comparison of the results of programming calculation and corresponding time domain simulation of the total current of the system shows that the method has good applicability. (3) based on the established equivalent circuit of typical household appliances, the method is proved to be accurate. The mathematical model of harmonic coupled admittance matrix and the theory proposed to calculate the total current of civil multi-harmonic source system are presented. From the point of view of quantitative analysis, the harmonic attenuation effect, dispersion effect and collective effect of civil multi-harmonic source system are studied respectively. The results show that the higher the harmonic order of the system, the more obvious the harmonic attenuation phenomenon is, and the larger the load number at the load side is, the larger the harmonic attenuation amplitude of the system is. The attenuation factor AF can well measure the harmonic attenuation degree of the system. The dispersion factor DF corresponding to different load sets can well characterize the contribution of different types of load to the total harmonic dispersion effect of the system. The set factor CF can directly reflect the harmonic set phenomenon of the system. (4) the influence of linear load on the harmonic set effect of civil multi-harmonic source system is analyzed. It is found that the total harmonic distortion rate of the total current of the system is reduced with the addition of linear load, and the linear load with small resistance value is more favorable to reduce the total harmonic distortion rate of the total current of the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM711

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