發(fā)布時間：2018-06-20 21:05

  本文選題：超級電容器 + 石墨烯水凝膠　； 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：超級電容器作為一種新型的儲能裝置具有功率高、循環(huán)壽命長和快速充放電等優(yōu)點,在儲能領(lǐng)域是一種對電池的補充,所以有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。傳統(tǒng)的超級電容器電極材料根據(jù)它們的儲荷原理不同主要分為兩種:碳基納米材料和贗電容材料。近年來,有儲能作用的材料都獲得了廣泛的研究和多領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。石墨烯作為一種先進的碳材料是近年來多個領(lǐng)域的研究熱點,并且如何設(shè)計方法構(gòu)筑三維的石墨烯結(jié)構(gòu)受到了研究者的青睞,所以本論文研究的著眼點之一是提出新的制備石墨烯三維結(jié)構(gòu)的方法。另外,類電池材料近年來在超級電容器領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用廣泛,所以本論文一方面制備了鈷鎳雙氫氧化物微球,以探索其在混合儲能裝置中的應(yīng)用價值;另一方面探索了三元金屬離子構(gòu)成的氫氧化物的電化學(xué)性質(zhì),并進一步構(gòu)筑了復(fù)合電極材料以改善其性能缺陷。主要內(nèi)容如下:(1)在溫和的水熱條件下,通過使用葡萄糖和氨水體系還原氧化石墨(GO)溶液,得到具有三維(3D)交聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)的石墨烯水凝膠(GH)。在這個反應(yīng)過程中,GO納米片自組裝形成3D-GH,因為是在氨水環(huán)境下反應(yīng),所以得到的GH有N元素摻雜。此外發(fā)現(xiàn),和凝膠GH-1相比較,具有更高N摻雜含量的凝膠GH-2展現(xiàn)出了更加有序地交聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)和更好的電化學(xué)性質(zhì)。(2)通過一步溶劑熱法得到了三維的納米結(jié)構(gòu)的鈷鎳雙氫氧化物(Co1-xNix LDHs)微球,在反應(yīng)過程中,使用無水乙醇作為溶劑、尿素作為堿源。通過調(diào)節(jié)鈷和鎳離子的投料摩爾比,最后得到了具有最佳電化學(xué)性質(zhì)的Co0.2Ni0.8 LDH,其在1 A g-1下具有855.4C g-1的比容量,10 A g-1時仍然能保持777.9 C g-1。此外,以Co0.2Ni0.8 LDH為正極,活性炭(AC)為負極,制備了混合儲能裝置Co0.2Ni0.8 LDH//AC,其具有1.6 V的工作電壓,并且展現(xiàn)出較高的能量密度和功率密度。(3)用原位生長法把鈷鎳錳混合層狀氫氧化物(CoNiMn-LHCs)直接生長在泡沫鎳基底上,通過調(diào)節(jié)鈷鎳錳離子的配比,得到了具有最高電容量的2-CoNiMn/NF,然而測試發(fā)現(xiàn),在經(jīng)過1000次循環(huán)之后,2-CoNiMn/NF的電容衰減到其初始電容的30.4%。因此為了改善氫氧化物的循環(huán)性能,在此基礎(chǔ)上制備了兩類復(fù)合電極材料。一是把NF浸漬在3 mg mL-1的GO溶液中反應(yīng),通過水熱反應(yīng)得到還原氧化石墨(RGO)膜包覆的NF,即RGO/NF;另外,我們構(gòu)筑了Co3O4陣列生長在NF表面(Co3O4/NF)。最后,在RGO/NF和Co3O4/NF電極上用同樣的溶劑熱條件生長鈷鎳錳氫氧化物,得到了CoNiMn/RGO/NF和CoNiMn/Co3O4/NF復(fù)合電極材料。測試發(fā)現(xiàn),復(fù)合電極材料具有更好的循環(huán)性能,特別是CoNiMn/Co3O4/NF還展現(xiàn)出很高的比容量,表明它在能源存儲材料領(lǐng)域具有很大的研究價值和潛在的應(yīng)用價值。
[Abstract]:As a new type of energy storage device, supercapacitor has many advantages, such as high power, long cycle life and rapid charge and discharge, so it is a supplement to battery in the field of energy storage, so it has a wide range of applications. The traditional supercapacitor electrode materials are mainly divided into two types according to their storage principle: carbon based nanomaterials and pseudo-capacitor materials. In recent years, energy storage materials have been widely studied and applied in many fields. Graphene, as an advanced carbon material, has been a hot topic in many fields in recent years, and how to design and construct three-dimensional graphene structure is favored by researchers. Therefore, one of the focus of this paper is to propose a new method for the preparation of three-dimensional structure of graphene. In addition, battery-like materials have been widely used in the field of supercapacitors in recent years, so on the one hand, cobalt and nickel double hydroxide microspheres were prepared in order to explore their application value in hybrid energy storage equipment. On the other hand, the electrochemical properties of hydroxides formed by ternary metal ions were explored, and the composite electrode materials were constructed to improve their performance defects. The main contents are as follows: (1) under mild hydrothermal conditions, a graphene hydrogel with a three-dimensional (3D) crosslinking structure was obtained by using glucose and ammonia system to reduce the oxidized graphene (GOG) solution. In this reaction process, the nanocrystalline go nanoparticles were self-assembled to form 3D-GHs. Because of the reaction in ammonia solution, the growth hormone was doped with N element. In addition, it was found that compared with the gel GH-1, The gel GH-2 with higher N-doped content showed a more orderly cross-linking structure and better electrochemical properties. (2) Three-dimensional cobalt and nickel dihydroxide Co _ 1-xNi _ x LDHs microspheres were prepared by one-step solvothermal method. Anhydrous ethanol was used as solvent and urea as alkali source. By adjusting the molar ratio of Co ~ (2 +) and Ni ~ (2 +), the best electrochemical properties of Co _ (0.2) Ni _ (0.8) LDH were obtained. The specific capacity of Co _ (0.2) Ni _ (0.8) LDH could still be kept at 777.9 C g ~ (-1) with a specific capacity of 855.4 C / g ~ (-1) at 1 A g ~ (-1). In addition, Co0.2Ni0.8 LDH / AC was prepared by using Co0.2Ni0.8 LDH as positive electrode and activated carbon acid as negative electrode. Co0.2Ni0.8 LDH / AC has a working voltage of 1.6 V. It is shown that the high energy density and power density of Co / Ni / Mn-LHCs) are grown directly on the foamed nickel substrate by in situ growth method, and the ratio of cobalt, Ni and mn ions is adjusted by adjusting the ratio of cobalt, nickel and manganese ions. The maximum capacitance of 2-CoNiMn / NFF is obtained. However, after 1000 cycles, the capacitance of 2-CoNiMn-NF decreases to 30.4g of its initial capacitance. Therefore, in order to improve the cyclic performance of hydroxides, two kinds of composite electrode materials were prepared. First, NF was impregnated in 3 mg mL-1 go solution, and the reduced graphite oxide RGO-coated NFR was obtained by hydrothermal reaction. In addition, we constructed a Co3O4 array to grow on the NF surface of Co3O4 / NFN. Finally, cobalt, nickel and manganese hydroxides were grown on RGO / NF and Co _ 3O _ 4 / NF electrodes under the same solvothermal conditions. CoNiMnR / RGO-NF and CoNiMnR / Co _ 3O _ 4 / NF composite electrode materials were obtained. It is found that the composite electrode material has better cycling performance, especially CoNiMnR / Co3O4 / NF has a high specific capacity, which indicates that it has great research value and potential application value in the field of energy storage materials.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ427.26;TM53

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 謝莉婧;孫國華;謝龍飛;蘇方遠;李曉明;劉卓;孔慶強;呂春祥;李開喜;陳成猛;;基于CoNi-雙金屬氫氧化物//AC非對稱超級電容器的構(gòu)筑（英文）[J];新型炭材料;2016年01期

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本文編號：2045665