本文選題：分布式發(fā)電 + VSG��； 參考：《合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著環(huán)境、能源問(wèn)題的日益凸顯和可再生能源的大規(guī)模應(yīng)用,尤其是可再生能源發(fā)電的滲透率越來(lái)越高,使得電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的慣量也隨之減少,難以維持短時(shí)的功率平衡以抑制頻率波動(dòng)。為此,可以在以電力電子為并網(wǎng)接口的發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中應(yīng)用虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)(Virtual Synchronous Generator,VSG)控制策略,通過(guò)模擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)的慣性和調(diào)頻調(diào)壓特性以增加系統(tǒng)的電壓和頻率支撐能力。然而,在調(diào)頻控制方面,現(xiàn)有的VSG控制主要基于一階虛擬慣性的VSG策略。而基于一階虛擬慣性的VSG策略雖然可以模擬系統(tǒng)的慣量,抑制頻率的波動(dòng),但其存在有功功率穩(wěn)態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)特性調(diào)節(jié)矛盾的問(wèn)題;在調(diào)壓控制方面,現(xiàn)有的VSG控制主要基于Q-U下垂控制的VSG策略。然而由于各VSG的聯(lián)線阻抗與額定容量不匹配,則難以實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)功均分。而現(xiàn)有增大下垂系數(shù)和增大虛擬阻抗的無(wú)功均分方案存在無(wú)功均分誤差與電壓控制精度之間矛盾的問(wèn)題。本文在國(guó)家863項(xiàng)目《光伏微電網(wǎng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究和核心設(shè)備研制》(2015AA050607)等國(guó)家項(xiàng)目的支持下,并依托陽(yáng)光電源股份有限公司開(kāi)展的虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)產(chǎn)學(xué)研項(xiàng)目展開(kāi)了相關(guān)研究,本文的主要研究和創(chuàng)新如下:(1)研究和分析了VSG的產(chǎn)生背景、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、與同步發(fā)電機(jī)的區(qū)別,總結(jié)了VSG的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。(2)對(duì)比分析了現(xiàn)有的各種VSG數(shù)學(xué)模型,并基于本文采用的控制策略建立了VSG并網(wǎng)和組網(wǎng)小信號(hào)模型。研究了電壓閉環(huán)控制、重復(fù)控制、虛擬阻抗算法、預(yù)同步算法等基本控制策略,并針對(duì)預(yù)同步算法中的相角差跳變問(wèn)題,提出了基于乘法鑒相器的預(yù)同步控制策略,消除了相角差跳變,縮短了程序運(yùn)行時(shí)間和預(yù)同步時(shí)間。(3)在研究了幾種典型的虛擬慣量和阻尼系數(shù)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)控制策略的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了現(xiàn)有基于一階虛擬慣性的VSG在孤島運(yùn)行、并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行和組網(wǎng)運(yùn)行模式下,VSG輸出有功穩(wěn)態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)特性調(diào)節(jié)存在矛盾的問(wèn)題;分析了增大下垂系數(shù)和增大虛擬阻抗算法的開(kāi)環(huán)無(wú)功均分方案存在無(wú)功均分誤差與電壓控制精度之間矛盾的問(wèn)題,以及下垂系數(shù)和虛擬阻抗的變化對(duì)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性的影響。(4)針對(duì)基于一階虛擬慣性的VSG有功穩(wěn)態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)特性調(diào)節(jié)之間的矛盾問(wèn)題,提出了基于微分補(bǔ)償?shù)囊浑A虛擬慣性,通過(guò)在原有一階慣性的基礎(chǔ)上串聯(lián)一個(gè)超前補(bǔ)償環(huán)節(jié),在保持功率穩(wěn)態(tài)特性的同時(shí)增大系統(tǒng)阻尼比,減小功率超調(diào),提高功率響應(yīng)速度。(5)針對(duì)基于微分補(bǔ)償?shù)囊浑A虛擬慣性在響應(yīng)初始階段慣量較小的問(wèn)題,根據(jù)增加調(diào)節(jié)自由度以提高系統(tǒng)控制性能的基本思路,提出了廣義虛擬慣性的概念,給出了廣義虛擬慣性的一般表達(dá)式。并以二階虛擬慣性為例,分析了二階廣義虛擬慣性的VSG在孤島運(yùn)行、并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行和組網(wǎng)運(yùn)行模式下系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)和穩(wěn)態(tài)特性。研究表明,二階廣義虛擬慣性在維持VSG穩(wěn)態(tài)特性的同時(shí)減小了動(dòng)態(tài)功率超調(diào),并且克服了基于微分補(bǔ)償?shù)囊浑A虛擬慣性策略在響應(yīng)初始階段慣性不足的缺點(diǎn)。(6)針對(duì)現(xiàn)有開(kāi)環(huán)無(wú)功均分方案存在的功率均分誤差與電壓控制精度之間的矛盾問(wèn)題,提出了基于虛擬電容的無(wú)功均分控制策略。該控制策略通過(guò)算法模擬VSG輸出端并聯(lián)電容的特性,在減小無(wú)功均分誤差的同時(shí),也提高了電壓控制精度。在對(duì)虛擬電容算法穩(wěn)定性分析的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種具有虛擬阻抗的虛擬電容改進(jìn)算法,在實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)功均分的同時(shí),提高了電壓控制精度和系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性。(7)搭建了VSG實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),并分別對(duì)VSG在各運(yùn)行模式下的基本特性及改進(jìn)預(yù)同步算法、基于微分補(bǔ)償?shù)囊浑A虛擬慣性及基于虛擬電容的無(wú)功均分控制策略進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,并且相關(guān)研究成果已在西藏措勤微電網(wǎng)示范項(xiàng)目中應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:With the increasing prominence of the environment, the energy problem and the large-scale application of renewable energy, especially the high permeability of the renewable energy generation, the inertia of the power grid system is also reduced, it is difficult to maintain the short-term power balance to suppress the frequency fluctuation. Therefore, the power generation system with power electronics as the grid interface can be used. Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) control strategy is used to increase the voltage and frequency support capability of the system by simulating the inertia and FM voltage modulation characteristics of the synchronous generator. However, in the frequency modulation control, the existing VSG control is mainly based on the VSG strategy of first order pseudo inertia, and VSG based on the first order virtual inertia. Although the strategy can simulate the inertia of the system and suppress the fluctuation of the frequency, it has the problem of regulating the steady-state and dynamic characteristics of the active power; in voltage regulation control, the existing VSG control is mainly based on the VSG strategy of Q-U droop control. However, it is difficult to achieve the equalization of reactive power because the connection impedance of each VSG is not matched with the rated capacity. The existing reactive power equalization scheme with increasing droop coefficient and increasing virtual impedance has the problem of the contradiction between the error of reactive power equalization error and voltage control accuracy. This paper is supported by national projects such as the National 863 project "Research on key technology of photovoltaic microgrid and the development of core equipment" (2015AA050607), and relying on the sun power Limited by Share Ltd. The main research and innovation in this paper are as follows: (1) study and analyze the background of VSG, the present situation at home and abroad, the difference between the synchronous generator and the synchronous generator, summarize the application field and key problems of VSG. (2) the existing VSG mathematical models are compared and analyzed, and based on this paper The VSG network and the small signal model are established by the control strategy. The basic control strategies such as voltage closed loop control, repetitive control, virtual impedance algorithm and pre synchronization algorithm are studied. The pre synchronization control strategy based on multiplicative phase discriminator is proposed to eliminate phase angle difference jump and shorten the phase angle difference jump problem in the pre synchronization algorithm. Program running time and pre synchronization time. (3) on the basis of studying several typical optimal design control strategies of virtual inertia and damping coefficient, this paper analyzes the existing problem that the existing VSG based on the first order virtual inertia is running in the island, the network operation and the network operation mode, the VSG output has the contradiction between the power steady state and the dynamic characteristic regulation. The problem of the contradiction between the reactive power equalization error and the voltage control precision in the open loop reactive power equalization scheme with increasing droop coefficient and increasing the virtual impedance algorithm, and the influence of the variation of the droop coefficient and the virtual impedance on the stability of the system. (4) the spear between the active steady-state and dynamic characteristics of VSG based on the first order virtual inertia The first order virtual inertia based on differential compensation is proposed, which is connected with a pre compensation link on the basis of the original first order inertia. The damping ratio of the system is increased while the power steady characteristic is kept, the power overshoot is reduced and the power response speed is increased. (5) the first order virtual inertia based on differential compensation is used in the initial order of response. Based on the basic idea of increasing the degree of freedom of adjustment in order to improve the control performance of the system, the concept of generalized virtual inertia is proposed. The general expression of the generalized virtual inertia is given. The two order virtual inertia is taken as an example to analyze the operation of the Nikai Hiroyoshi virtual inertia VSG in the isolated island, the operation of the network and the running mode of the network. The dynamic and steady state characteristics of the lower system show that the Nikai Hiroyoshi virtual inertia reduces the dynamic power overshoot while maintaining the steady state of the VSG, and overcomes the shortcoming of the inertia of the first order virtual inertial strategy based on differential compensation in the initial stage of response. (6) the power equalization error exists in the present open-loop reactive power equalization scheme. In the contradiction between the difference and the voltage control precision, a reactive power equalization control strategy based on the virtual capacitor is proposed. The control strategy simulates the characteristics of the shunt capacitor at the output end of the VSG, and improves the voltage control accuracy while reducing the error of the reactive power equalization. A virtual capacitance improvement algorithm with virtual impedance improves the precision of voltage control and system stability while realizing the equalization of reactive power. (7) a VSG experimental platform is built, and the basic characteristics of the VSG in each operation mode and the improved pre synchronization algorithm, the first order virtual inertia based on the micro compensation and the virtual capacitance based on the no The power sharing strategy is verified, and the relevant research results have been applied in the Tibet Cuoqin microgrid demonstration project.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM31

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