本文選題：電極添加劑 + 電解液添加劑�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：面對如今新能源電動汽車以及電力設備的市場需求,由于鐵鎳電池具有高的理論容量、綠色環(huán)保、循環(huán)壽命長、安全、耐濫用、耐過充性能好等優(yōu)勢,在近幾年備受企業(yè)以及高校研究者的關注及重視。但是對于鐵電極來說,現(xiàn)在仍然存在著電極的鈍化、析氫嚴重等問題。本文從材料的制備方法、電極添加劑、電解液添加劑和優(yōu)化電極性能四個方面進行研究,并取得了一些研究成果。利用沉淀氧化法制備出了納米的Fe_3O_4材料,其純度較高,顆粒粒徑在20nm左右,電化學活性較大,在0.1 C放電時電極的容量高達250 mAh/g。電極中摻5%的三種硫化物(FeS、CuS、NiS)添加劑,發(fā)現(xiàn)摻雜NiS的電極的電化學性能更優(yōu)異一些。進而對電極進行探究,發(fā)現(xiàn)不論機械摻雜還是復合NiS的存在都能使得電池的電化學性能提高,對于機械摻雜電極來說:摻雜10%NiS的電極電化學性能最好,0.1 C放電比容量高達407 mAh/g。對復合電極,發(fā)現(xiàn)復合5%NiS的Fe_3O_4/NiS電極具有較優(yōu)的性能,0.1 C放電時容量高達500~510 mAh/g,1 C放電達到300-390 mAh/g,并且此電極不易析氫,循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性好,充放電庫侖效率維持在80%以上。電極在靜置5天后開路電壓僅僅衰減了4.1%。研究加入CH3CSNH2、Na2S2O3、Na2S電解液添加劑發(fā)現(xiàn),添加Na2S2O3的效果最好,0.1 C放電比容量能夠達到480~500 mAh/g,1 C放電,容量在250-290 mAh/g左右。向三種復合電極電解液中加入Na2S2O3,發(fā)現(xiàn)復合5%NiS的Fe_3O_4/NiS電極電化學性能好,在0.1 C下的首次放電容量高達700 mAh/g。鑒于復合電極的電化學性能良好,在此電極的基礎上對電極材料進行了燒結處理,發(fā)現(xiàn)燒結僅僅提高了電極的大倍率放電容量和效率。向復合5%NiS的Fe_3O_4/NiS復合材料中分別加入了三種5 mass%石墨烯(商業(yè)石墨烯、酸化石墨烯、氧化石墨烯)材料,發(fā)現(xiàn)材料中摻入商業(yè)石墨烯可以使電極的小倍率容量提升2%,同時石墨烯的存在提升了電極的充放電效率,使得電極的充放電效率在90%以上。
[Abstract]:In the face of the market demand of new energy electric vehicles and power equipment, due to the advantages of high theoretical capacity, green environmental protection, long cycle life, safety, anti-abuse, good overcharge resistance and so on, iron and nickel batteries have many advantages, such as high theoretical capacity, environmental protection, long cycle life, etc. In recent years, the enterprise and the university researcher's attention and attention. However, for iron electrodes, there are still some problems such as passivation and hydrogen evolution. In this paper, the preparation of materials, electrode additives, electrolyte additives and optimization of electrode properties are studied, and some research results have been obtained. Fe3O4 nanocrystalline Fe3O4 was prepared by precipitation oxidation method. Its purity is high, the particle size is about 20nm, the electrochemical activity is high, and the capacity of the electrode is up to 250mAh/ g at 0.1C discharge. It is found that the electrode doped with NiS has better electrochemical performance. It is found that both mechanical doping and composite NiS can improve the electrochemical performance of the battery. For the mechanically doped electrode, the electrochemical performance of the electrode doped with 10NiS is the best. The discharge specific capacity of the electrode doped with 10NiS is up to 407mAh/ g. For the composite electrode, it is found that the composite 5NiS Fe3O-1 / NiS electrode has better performance when discharging at 0.1 C, the discharge capacity is as high as 500 ~ 510mAh/ g ~ (-1) C, and the discharge capacity of the electrode is 300-390 mg / g, and the electrode is not easy to release hydrogen, has good cycling stability, and the charge / discharge Coulomb efficiency is above 80%. The open circuit voltage of the electrode only attenuated 4.1 after 5 days of statics. The addition of Ch _ 3CSNH _ 2H _ 2N _ 2S _ 2O _ 3 Na _ 2S electrolyte has been studied. It is found that adding Na _ 2S _ 2O _ 3 has the best effect on the discharge specific capacity of 0.1C with discharge capacity of 480 ~ 500mAh/ g ~ (-1) C, about 250-290 mAh/g. Adding Na _ 2S _ 2O _ 3 into the electrolyte of three kinds of composite electrode, it is found that the Fe3O _ 4 / NiS electrode of composite 5NiS has good electrochemical performance, and the initial discharge capacity at 0.1 C is as high as 700mAh/ g. In view of the good electrochemical performance of the composite electrode, the electrode material was sintered on the basis of this electrode. It was found that sintering only improved the discharge capacity and efficiency of the electrode at a large rate. Three kinds of 5 mass% graphene (commercial graphene, acidified graphene, graphene oxide) were added to the Fe3O4 / NiS composite. It is found that commercial graphene can increase the capacity of electrode by 2%, and the efficiency of electrode charge and discharge is increased by 90% because of the presence of graphene.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TM912
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本文編號：2020937