本文選題：風(fēng)電功率波動(dòng) + 容量?jī)?yōu)化　； 參考：《山東理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著科技的進(jìn)步和經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展,使得全球?qū)﹄娏Φ男枨笕找嬖黾�。然而由于石油、煤炭等一次能源�?duì)環(huán)境氣候的影響,使得風(fēng)能等清潔能源正廣泛得到開(kāi)發(fā)和利用。但是風(fēng)力發(fā)電也存在一些問(wèn)題:風(fēng)電輸出功率具有隨機(jī)性、波動(dòng)性,使得風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)給電力系統(tǒng)的安全和穩(wěn)定性方面帶來(lái)一系列的影響。同時(shí),風(fēng)力發(fā)電的裝機(jī)容量也在逐年增加,使風(fēng)力發(fā)電對(duì)電力系統(tǒng)的影響越發(fā)受到人們的重視。儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)使風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)并網(wǎng)時(shí)有個(gè)能量緩沖,將儲(chǔ)能裝置引入到風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中,對(duì)于功率的波動(dòng)有一定的平抑效果,以此來(lái)減輕風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)對(duì)電力系統(tǒng)的不利影響,從而提高電力系統(tǒng)安全運(yùn)行的穩(wěn)定性以及電網(wǎng)消納風(fēng)電的能力。在各種儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)中,液流電池具有循環(huán)壽命長(zhǎng)、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、成本較低、功率和容量相互獨(dú)立等優(yōu)點(diǎn),目前正廣泛應(yīng)用于儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)中。此外,超級(jí)電容的功率密度大、能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率高,但價(jià)格昂貴,所以和液流電池相結(jié)合組成混合儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng),讓其發(fā)揮各自的優(yōu)勢(shì),非常適合在風(fēng)力發(fā)電儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)中使用。但是儲(chǔ)能容量的大小也不容忽視:容量過(guò)小使得平抑效果不明顯,過(guò)大又失去了經(jīng)濟(jì)性。在此種情況下,本文提出分別通過(guò)液流電池的單一儲(chǔ)能和液流電池—超級(jí)電容的混合儲(chǔ)能來(lái)優(yōu)化儲(chǔ)能裝置的容量問(wèn)題。其主要工作有:(1)對(duì)風(fēng)電場(chǎng)輸出功率的波動(dòng)性做了簡(jiǎn)要分析,并給出了平抑波動(dòng)效果的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)和液流電池、超級(jí)電容的特性及數(shù)學(xué)模型,為儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的容量?jī)?yōu)化奠定了基礎(chǔ)。(2)對(duì)單一儲(chǔ)能而言,建立以風(fēng)電場(chǎng)輸出功率與輸出功率參考值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差和儲(chǔ)能容量成本最小為目標(biāo)函數(shù),根據(jù)不同的時(shí)間窗口,采取不同的參考輸出功率,利用粒子群優(yōu)化算法針對(duì)具體算例進(jìn)行優(yōu)化的方案,得到了不同時(shí)間窗口下需要配置的不同的儲(chǔ)能容量。在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中,根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐恼{(diào)度計(jì)劃,選取不同的時(shí)間窗口,從而選擇既符合風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)要求、經(jīng)濟(jì)性又較好的容量作為所配電池的額定容量。(3)根據(jù)液流電池儲(chǔ)能和超級(jí)電容儲(chǔ)能的各自特點(diǎn),提出將液流電池和超級(jí)電容結(jié)合(超級(jí)電容平抑較高頻率、液流電池平抑較低頻率),并基于低通濾波原理計(jì)算了混合儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)中兩者各自的功率和容量大小,最后將混合儲(chǔ)能和單一儲(chǔ)能進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)比,得出了采用混合儲(chǔ)能既能較好的平滑風(fēng)電功率波動(dòng),又能使儲(chǔ)能成本有所降低的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:With the progress of science and technology and the rapid development of economy, the global demand for electricity is increasing day by day. However, due to the impact of primary energy, such as oil and coal, on the environmental climate, clean energy such as wind energy is being widely developed and utilized. However, there are some problems in wind power generation: wind power output is stochastic and fluctuating, which makes wind power grid connection bring a series of impacts on the safety and stability of power system. At the same time, the installed capacity of wind power is increasing year by year. Energy storage technology makes the wind power system have an energy buffer when it is connected to the grid. Introducing the energy storage device into the wind power generation system has a certain stabilizing effect on the fluctuation of the power, so as to reduce the adverse effect of the wind power grid connection on the power system. In order to improve the stability of the safe operation of the power system and the ability of the power grid to absorb wind power. Liquid flow batteries are widely used in energy storage systems because of their advantages of long cycle life, simple structure, low cost and independent power and capacity among various energy storage technologies. In addition, the super capacitor has high power density and high energy conversion efficiency, but it is expensive, so the hybrid energy storage system is composed of liquid flow battery, which makes it play its respective advantages and is very suitable for use in wind energy storage system. But the size of energy storage capacity can not be ignored: too small capacity makes the effect of stabilization is not obvious, too large and lose the economy. In this case, the capacity of the energy storage device is optimized by the single energy storage of the liquid flow battery and the hybrid energy storage of the liquid flow battery and super capacitor, respectively. The main work is: (1) the fluctuation of output power of wind farm is analyzed briefly, and the evaluation index of wave suppression effect and the characteristics and mathematical model of liquid flow battery, super capacitor and supercapacitor are given. For a single energy storage system, the minimum standard deviation of output power and output power of wind farm and the minimum cost of energy storage capacity are taken as objective functions, according to different time windows. Using different reference output power, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the specific examples, and different energy storage capacity is obtained under different time windows. In the actual production, according to the local scheduling plan, select different time windows, so that both meet the requirements of wind power grid, According to the characteristics of liquid flow battery energy storage and super capacitor energy storage, the combination of liquid flow battery and super capacitor is proposed. Based on the principle of low-pass filter, the power and capacity of the hybrid energy storage system are calculated, and the comparison between the hybrid energy storage system and the single energy storage system is made. It is concluded that the mixed energy storage can not only smooth the fluctuation of wind power, but also reduce the cost of energy storage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TM614;TM53

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