本文選題：光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器 + 交錯(cuò)并聯(lián)反激變換器��； 參考：《中北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：太陽能作為無污染的可再生能源正在被世界各國(guó)廣泛的開發(fā)和利用,分布式光伏并網(wǎng)發(fā)電是太陽能利用的熱點(diǎn)之一,其特點(diǎn)是每塊光伏電池板連接一塊微型逆變器,而微型逆變器是光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的核心設(shè)備,可將光伏板輸出的直流電轉(zhuǎn)換為與電網(wǎng)同頻同相的交流電并入電網(wǎng)。光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器輸出的電能質(zhì)量會(huì)直接影響電網(wǎng)的穩(wěn)定,因此提高逆變器的轉(zhuǎn)換效率和發(fā)電質(zhì)量至關(guān)重要。本文首先根據(jù)光伏電池的仿真模型,分析了不同溫度和光照強(qiáng)度時(shí)的特性曲線,提出改進(jìn)型變步長(zhǎng)擾動(dòng)觀察法解決了傳統(tǒng)擾動(dòng)觀察法在跟蹤速度與控制精度無法平衡的矛盾,實(shí)現(xiàn)了光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤。設(shè)計(jì)了前級(jí)為交錯(cuò)并聯(lián)反激變換器,后級(jí)為全橋電路的光伏并網(wǎng)微型逆變器,分析了反激式微型逆變器在各工作模式下的特性和元器件應(yīng)力,得出系統(tǒng)控制策略為連續(xù)導(dǎo)通模式時(shí)更加穩(wěn)定可靠,在反激變換器中加入了有源鉗位電路不僅可以提高DC-DC的轉(zhuǎn)換效率,還能實(shí)現(xiàn)MOSFEF管的零電壓開關(guān),采用了主動(dòng)移頻檢測(cè)法能高效檢測(cè)光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器的孤島效應(yīng)。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建了交錯(cuò)并聯(lián)反激式光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)仿真模型,驗(yàn)證控制算法能夠滿足光伏并網(wǎng)微型逆變器的性能要求。最后,計(jì)算硬件電路的主要元器件參數(shù)、選擇合適元器件型號(hào),設(shè)計(jì)了以Microchip公司的dsPIC33FJ16GS504數(shù)字信號(hào)控制器為控制核心的有源鉗位交錯(cuò)并聯(lián)反激式光伏并網(wǎng)微型逆變器樣機(jī),并通過軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)控制算法、系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)機(jī)和軟件鎖相環(huán)設(shè)計(jì)。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室搭建了200W的光伏并網(wǎng)微型逆變器實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),進(jìn)行了并網(wǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)、孤島檢測(cè)和逆變器轉(zhuǎn)換效率統(tǒng)計(jì)。并網(wǎng)電流總諧波和孤島檢測(cè)反應(yīng)時(shí)間均符合國(guó)家規(guī)定的相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),逆變器電能轉(zhuǎn)換效率也較為理想。本文通過仿真波形和實(shí)驗(yàn)波形充分驗(yàn)證了設(shè)計(jì)的光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器具有可行性。
[Abstract]:Solar energy, as a pollution-free renewable energy, is widely developed and utilized in the world. Distributed photovoltaic grid-connected power generation is one of the hot spots in solar energy utilization, and its characteristic is that each photovoltaic panel is connected with a miniature inverter. The miniature inverter is the core equipment of the photovoltaic power generation system, which can convert the direct current output of the photovoltaic panel into alternating current with the same frequency and the same phase as the grid. The output power quality of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter will directly affect the stability of the power grid, so it is very important to improve the conversion efficiency and generation quality of the inverter. In this paper, according to the simulation model of photovoltaic cell, the characteristic curve of different temperature and light intensity is analyzed, and the improved variable step size perturbation observation method is proposed to solve the contradiction between the tracking speed and the control precision of the traditional disturbance observation method. The maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic system is realized. A photovoltaic grid-connected miniature inverter with interleaving parallel flyback converter and full bridge circuit is designed. The characteristics of flyback miniature inverter and the stress of components are analyzed. It is concluded that the system control strategy is more stable and reliable in continuous on-mode. Adding active clamp circuit to the flyback converter can not only improve the conversion efficiency of DC-DC, but also realize the zero-voltage switch of MOSFEF transistor. The active frequency shift detection method can efficiently detect the islanding effect of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. The simulation model of staggered parallel flyback photovoltaic power generation system is built in Matlab/Simulink to verify that the control algorithm can meet the performance requirements of photovoltaic grid-connected miniature inverter. Finally, the main component parameters of the hardware circuit are calculated and the appropriate type of components is selected. A prototype of the active clamp staggered parallel flyback photovoltaic grid-connected miniature inverter with Microchip's dsPIC33FJ16GS504 digital signal controller as the control core is designed. Control algorithm, system state machine and software phase locked loop are designed by software. An experimental platform of 200W photovoltaic grid-connected miniature inverter is set up in the laboratory. The grid-connected experiment, islanding detection and inverter conversion efficiency statistics are carried out. The total harmonics of grid-connected current and the detection time of isolated island are in accordance with the relevant national standards, and the inverter power conversion efficiency is also ideal. The feasibility of the designed photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is fully verified by simulation and experimental waveforms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM464

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本文編號(hào)：1989819