本文選題：直流電網(wǎng) + 交直流網(wǎng)絡(luò)��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：高壓直流輸電因輸送容量大、不受輸送距離限制、無(wú)穩(wěn)定性問題且可實(shí)現(xiàn)異步互聯(lián)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),已在電能大規(guī)模、遠(yuǎn)距離輸送和大區(qū)電網(wǎng)互聯(lián)中廣泛應(yīng)用。其中,直流電網(wǎng)是以柔性直流輸電技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ),由大量直流線路互聯(lián)組成的能量系統(tǒng),與常規(guī)的直流輸電系統(tǒng)相比,可以提供更高的供電可靠性和設(shè)備的冗余性,適應(yīng)性更強(qiáng)的供電模式,靈活和安全的潮流控制�，F(xiàn)如今,交直流電網(wǎng)快速發(fā)展,交流與直流的關(guān)聯(lián)與耦合程度越來(lái)越強(qiáng),但顯然,無(wú)論是常規(guī)的交直流電網(wǎng),還是柔性交直流電網(wǎng),或者是二者混合的形式,潮流分析都是一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)的理論問題,對(duì)揭示交直流電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行特性、控制機(jī)理和策略制定都具有重要意義。經(jīng)過電力科技工作者們幾十年的研究,純交流系統(tǒng)的潮流算法現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)相當(dāng)成熟,相比之下,交直流混合電網(wǎng)潮流算法卻沒有發(fā)展到相同的高度。因此,本文以柔性交直流電網(wǎng)為例,對(duì)交直流混合電網(wǎng)潮流算法進(jìn)行研究,具體內(nèi)容如下:首先,簡(jiǎn)單概述換流站的模型結(jié)構(gòu)以及VSC的基本特性,在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)換流站的控制機(jī)理進(jìn)行定性分析。從同步電網(wǎng)角度出發(fā),交直流電網(wǎng)潮流的本質(zhì)依然顯現(xiàn)交流電網(wǎng)的特性,從交流系統(tǒng)支撐能力對(duì)交直流電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的影響入手,論證對(duì)交直流電網(wǎng)進(jìn)行有機(jī)統(tǒng)一處理的必要性。為使交直流算法可以有效銜接原有經(jīng)典的交流潮流算法,以直流節(jié)點(diǎn)電壓作為直流電網(wǎng)的狀態(tài)變量,并對(duì)直流節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分類,在換流站公共聯(lián)接點(diǎn)電壓變量給定的情況下,給出了基于牛頓-拉夫遜法的直流電網(wǎng)潮流算法,為交直流混合電網(wǎng)進(jìn)一步的統(tǒng)一計(jì)算奠定基礎(chǔ)。其次,提出了一種考慮節(jié)點(diǎn)電壓關(guān)聯(lián)的交直流電網(wǎng)潮流算法,通過換流站的功率關(guān)系對(duì)換流站進(jìn)行穩(wěn)態(tài)建模,以交流網(wǎng)絡(luò)和直流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的節(jié)點(diǎn)電壓為最小狀態(tài)集,推導(dǎo)換流站僅關(guān)聯(lián)狀態(tài)變量的功率方程,在不同的控制方式下演繹相關(guān)節(jié)點(diǎn)潮流方程的修正,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)其用牛頓-拉夫遜方法的求解。修正方程式中的雅克比矩陣體現(xiàn)了交直流的耦合關(guān)系且維持良好的稀疏規(guī)律,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)在算法中沿用稀疏技術(shù),有利于進(jìn)一步分析和研究交直流電網(wǎng)性能。最后,換流站內(nèi)部的主要器件VSC在性能上與變壓器類似,仍然是電壓的變換,只是電壓還在交流向量和直流標(biāo)量之間變換�；谝陨纤悸�,提出一種基于復(fù)變比描述換流站數(shù)學(xué)模型并用于潮流計(jì)算的新思路,其核心在于將VSC等效為非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)變比為復(fù)變量形式的理想變壓器模型,進(jìn)而引入換流站對(duì)兩側(cè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的等效注入功率,再對(duì)換流站支路進(jìn)行戴維寧模型和諾頓模型的等效,在諾頓模型下交直流電網(wǎng)可以得到計(jì)及換流站支路的與網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)湟恢碌膶?duì)稱的節(jié)點(diǎn)導(dǎo)納矩陣。在此模型下使用牛頓-拉夫遜法對(duì)交直流混合電網(wǎng)潮流進(jìn)行求解,此種算法對(duì)原有交流潮流算法有良好的繼承性,編制程序的工作量小。
[Abstract]:High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission has been widely used in large-scale, long-distance transmission and power grid interconnection for its advantages of large transmission capacity, no restriction of transmission distance, instability and asynchronous interconnection. Among them, DC network is an energy system based on flexible DC transmission technology, which is composed of a large number of DC lines interconnected. Compared with conventional HVDC transmission system, DC network can provide higher reliability of power supply and redundancy of equipment. More adaptable power supply mode, flexible and safe power flow control. Nowadays, with the rapid development of AC / DC power grid, the correlation and coupling between AC and DC is becoming stronger and stronger. But obviously, whether it is conventional AC / DC network or flexible AC / DC network, or the combination of the two, Power flow analysis is a fundamental theoretical problem, which is of great significance to reveal the operating characteristics of AC / DC power network, control mechanism and strategy formulation. After decades of research by power science and technology workers, the power flow algorithm of pure AC system has been quite mature now, but the hybrid power flow algorithm of AC / DC power system has not developed to the same height. Therefore, this paper takes the flexible AC / DC power grid as an example to study the AC / DC hybrid power flow algorithm. The specific contents are as follows: firstly, the model structure of converter station and the basic characteristics of VSC are briefly summarized. The control mechanism of converter station is analyzed qualitatively. From the point of view of synchronous power grid, the nature of AC / DC power flow still shows the characteristics of AC power grid, starting with the influence of AC system support capacity on the operation state of AC / DC power network. The necessity of organic unified treatment of AC / DC power network is demonstrated. In order to link up the classical AC power flow algorithm effectively, the DC node voltage is taken as the state variable of DC network, and the DC node is classified. When the voltage variable of commutator common connection point is given, A power flow algorithm for DC networks based on Newton-Raphson method is presented, which lays a foundation for further unified calculation of AC / DC hybrid networks. Secondly, an AC / DC power flow algorithm considering the connection of node voltage is proposed. The steady state of converter station is modeled by the power relation of converter station, and the node voltage of AC network and DC network is taken as the minimum state set. The power equation of the converter station is derived which only correlates the state variables. The power flow equation of the correlated node is deduced under different control modes. The Newton-Raphson method is used to solve the power flow equation. The Jacobian matrix in the modified equation embodies the coupling relationship between AC and DC and maintains a good sparse law. It can be realized by using sparse technique in the algorithm and is helpful to further analyze and study the performance of AC / DC power network. Finally, the VSC, the main device in the converter station, is similar to the transformer in performance. It is still a voltage conversion, but the voltage is still changing between AC vector and DC scalar. Based on the above ideas, a new idea is proposed to describe the mathematical model of converter station based on complex variable ratio and to apply it to power flow calculation. The core of this idea is to equivalent VSC to an ideal transformer model with a non-standard variable ratio as a form of complex variable. Then the equivalent injection power of the converter station on both sides of the node is introduced, and the equivalent of the Davining model and the Norton model for the branch circuit of the converter station is carried out. In the Norton model, a symmetric node admittance matrix, which is consistent with the network topology, can be obtained by taking into account the branch of the converter station. In this model Newton-Raphson method is used to solve the AC / DC hybrid power flow. This algorithm has good inheritance to the original AC power flow algorithm and the workload of programming is small.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM721.1;TM744

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