本文選題：鈣鈦礦 + 太陽(yáng)電池�。� 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在能源與環(huán)境問(wèn)題日益凸顯的今天,可再生清潔能源的發(fā)展成為了緩解能源與環(huán)境問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵。作為可再生能源中重要的一員,太陽(yáng)能光伏發(fā)電的發(fā)展受到了人們的重視和支持,是最具有前景的發(fā)電方式之一。太陽(yáng)電池作為光伏發(fā)電中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),更成為了人們研究的重點(diǎn)。近年來(lái),鈣鈦礦太陽(yáng)電池作為一種新型的薄膜電池引起學(xué)術(shù)界極大關(guān)注,短短5年內(nèi),鈣鈦礦電池效率已經(jīng)由研究初期的3.8%提升至22%以上。如此驚人的發(fā)展,得益于鈣鈦礦材料具有的較好的光吸收、合適的禁帶寬度及電荷擴(kuò)散長(zhǎng)度等特性。對(duì)于鈣鈦礦太陽(yáng)電池,制備形貌光滑致密、顆粒尺寸較大的薄膜,獲得對(duì)器件有利的光電特性,是實(shí)現(xiàn)高效率的關(guān)鍵。在CH_3NH_3PbI_3的合成過(guò)程中引入其他鹵素離子,制備CH_3NH_3PbI_3-x Xx(X=Cl or Br)(X≈0),被認(rèn)為是優(yōu)化光電特性,提高電池性能的有效方法之一。鹵素混合能優(yōu)化鈣鈦礦薄膜的形成過(guò)程,改善薄膜形貌,提高覆蓋率,促進(jìn)鈣鈦礦界面電子傳輸,減少電子復(fù)合,從而提升鈣鈦礦電池的轉(zhuǎn)化效率,同時(shí)提升電池的穩(wěn)定性。本文采用低壓氣相輔助液相法制備CH_3NH_3PbI_3薄膜,通過(guò)在鉛源前驅(qū)體薄膜中引入其他鹵素鉛源PbBr2或PbCl2來(lái)部分或完全取代Pb I2,再與CH_3NH_3I蒸汽進(jìn)行反應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)中,我們對(duì)混合鉛源和鈣鈦礦薄膜進(jìn)行形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)以及光譜分析等測(cè)試表征,研究鹵素離子在鈣鈦礦薄膜中的作用以及對(duì)電池性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,溴的引入能通過(guò)形成中間態(tài)的CH_3NH_3PbBrxIy來(lái)減緩鈣鈦礦薄膜形成的過(guò)程,增大晶粒尺寸。當(dāng)PbI2與PbBr2的摩爾比為1:4時(shí),最高電池效率達(dá)到17.40%,其中短路電流為22.92 mA/cm2,開(kāi)路電壓為1017mV,填充因子為77.50%;而氯的引入對(duì)鈣鈦礦薄膜的形貌未產(chǎn)生明顯的改變,并且隨著氯在鉛源中的含量提升,電池效率反而降低。
[Abstract]:The development of renewable clean energy has become the key to alleviate the problem of energy and environment. As an important member of renewable energy, the development of solar photovoltaic power has been paid attention to and supported by people, and it is one of the most promising power generation methods. As a key technology in photovoltaic power generation, solar cells have become the focus of research. In recent years, perovskite solar cells as a new type of thin film batteries have attracted great attention in academic circles. In just 5 years, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has increased from 3.8% to 22%. This remarkable development is due to the excellent optical absorption, the suitable band gap and the charge diffusion length of perovskite materials. For perovskite solar cells, the preparation of thin films with smooth and compact morphology and large particle size is the key to achieve high efficiency. The preparation of CH_3NH_3PbI_3-x Xx(X=Cl or Br)(X 鈮，

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