本文選題：鈣鈦礦 + 太陽電池　； 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在能源與環(huán)境問題日益凸顯的今天,可再生清潔能源的發(fā)展成為了緩解能源與環(huán)境問題的關(guān)鍵。作為可再生能源中重要的一員,太陽能光伏發(fā)電的發(fā)展受到了人們的重視和支持,是最具有前景的發(fā)電方式之一。太陽電池作為光伏發(fā)電中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),更成為了人們研究的重點。近年來,鈣鈦礦太陽電池作為一種新型的薄膜電池引起學(xué)術(shù)界極大關(guān)注,短短5年內(nèi),鈣鈦礦電池效率已經(jīng)由研究初期的3.8%提升至22%以上。如此驚人的發(fā)展,得益于鈣鈦礦材料具有的較好的光吸收、合適的禁帶寬度及電荷擴散長度等特性。對于鈣鈦礦太陽電池,制備形貌光滑致密、顆粒尺寸較大的薄膜,獲得對器件有利的光電特性,是實現(xiàn)高效率的關(guān)鍵。在CH_3NH_3PbI_3的合成過程中引入其他鹵素離子,制備CH_3NH_3PbI_3-x Xx(X=Cl or Br)(X≈0),被認為是優(yōu)化光電特性,提高電池性能的有效方法之一。鹵素混合能優(yōu)化鈣鈦礦薄膜的形成過程,改善薄膜形貌,提高覆蓋率,促進鈣鈦礦界面電子傳輸,減少電子復(fù)合,從而提升鈣鈦礦電池的轉(zhuǎn)化效率,同時提升電池的穩(wěn)定性。本文采用低壓氣相輔助液相法制備CH_3NH_3PbI_3薄膜,通過在鉛源前驅(qū)體薄膜中引入其他鹵素鉛源PbBr2或PbCl2來部分或完全取代Pb I2,再與CH_3NH_3I蒸汽進行反應(yīng)。實驗中,我們對混合鉛源和鈣鈦礦薄膜進行形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)以及光譜分析等測試表征,研究鹵素離子在鈣鈦礦薄膜中的作用以及對電池性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,溴的引入能通過形成中間態(tài)的CH_3NH_3PbBrxIy來減緩鈣鈦礦薄膜形成的過程,增大晶粒尺寸。當PbI2與PbBr2的摩爾比為1:4時,最高電池效率達到17.40%,其中短路電流為22.92 mA/cm2,開路電壓為1017mV,填充因子為77.50%;而氯的引入對鈣鈦礦薄膜的形貌未產(chǎn)生明顯的改變,并且隨著氯在鉛源中的含量提升,電池效率反而降低。
[Abstract]:The development of renewable clean energy has become the key to alleviate the problem of energy and environment. As an important member of renewable energy, the development of solar photovoltaic power has been paid attention to and supported by people, and it is one of the most promising power generation methods. As a key technology in photovoltaic power generation, solar cells have become the focus of research. In recent years, perovskite solar cells as a new type of thin film batteries have attracted great attention in academic circles. In just 5 years, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has increased from 3.8% to 22%. This remarkable development is due to the excellent optical absorption, the suitable band gap and the charge diffusion length of perovskite materials. For perovskite solar cells, the preparation of thin films with smooth and compact morphology and large particle size is the key to achieve high efficiency. The preparation of CH_3NH_3PbI_3-x Xx(X=Cl or Br)(X 鈮，

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